Distribution of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in a German zoological garden determined by IS900 semi-nested and quantitative real-time PCR

From mouth to macrophage: mechanisms of innate immune subversion by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

“…However, MAP has also been isolated from a number of wildlife species including badgers, coyotes, crows, cats, opossums, rabbits and raccoons [3,4]. While the priority of MAP investigations is generally cattle, the ability of this pathogen to infect wildlife species raises concerns that these species could act as disease reservoirs that enable transmission of MAP to naïve livestock herds.…”

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in non‐human primates

“…Nevertheless, the possible distribution of MAP via feces of non‐human primates was not measurable as part of this study, even though it is known from the literature that MAP can be excreted in concentrations of 10 6 MAP genome equivalent/g feces from asymptomatic non‐human primates . Similar MAP concentrations were also measurable in feces of other animals asymptomatically infected, but it is known that the excretion of MAP appears usually intermittently .…”

“…However, the detection of MAP in fecal samples could not confirm an infection, due to the fact that passive MAP shedding is possible. In this study, it was demonstrated that cottontop tamarins not only excrete MAP via feces, they are actually infected with MAP due to the detection of MAP DNA in the ileum. In rhesus macaques, neither an infection with MAP nor an excretion of MAP via feces could be shown in seven investigated animals, although MAP was already detected in feces of rhesus macaques previously .…”

“…These 25 fecal samples were collected from six free‐living colonies with multiple clinical conditions (coughing and stool loose) from North India. The presence of MAP in non‐human primates, which are kept in a German zoological garden, was previously shown . The authors detected MAP DNA in each pooled fecal sample from three different non‐human primate species: cottontop tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ), gelada baboons ( Theropithecus gelada ), and black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs ( Varecia variegata ).…”

“…The presence of MAP in non-human primates, which are kept in a German zoological garden, was previously shown. 7 The authors detected MAP DNA in each pooled fecal sample from three different non-human primate species: cottontop tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada), and black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). Genome equivalents between 2.2×10 3 and 9.6×10 6 MAP/g feces were measured using MAP-specific PCR.…”