Distribution of mosquito larvae in rice field habitats: a spatial scale analysis in semi-field condition

Abstract

The distribution of the mosquito larvae in the breeding habitats varies at the spatial scale depending on the availability of the resources and the predators. This proposition was assessed through the observation of the spatial distribution of Culex larvae (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) in artificially constructed rice field habitats. Using a binomial generalized linear model with logit link, the disparity in the abundance of the larvae was evaluated to justify the effects of light (light vs shade), vertical (surface vs bottom), and horizontal (wall vs center) distribution as explanatory variables. Under light availability, the spatial occupancy of the mosquito larvae was higher in the center than in the walls of the mesocosms. However, the larval orientation was higher on the surface than at the bottom of the mesocosms in all instances. In comparison to open spaces, the larval aggregation was higher in the presence of the floating vegetations like Azolla and Lemna, indicating that the habitat heterogeneity of the mesocosms influenced the distribution of the mosquito larvae in the available spaces. A reduction in the larval aggregation pattern in the spaces was observed in the presence of the predator (Anisops sp.) reflecting the possible evasion tactics of the mosquito larvae. The observations suggest that the mosquito larvae may utilize the vegetation in the rice field habitats quite effectively and occupy empty spaces of predators. The results may be considered as a prototype of the prospective localization of the mosquito larvae in the rice fields and help to frame the strategies of spraying the biopesticides to achieve optimal efficacy in mosquito regulation.

Aedes albopictus life table: environment, food, and age dependence survivorship and reproduction in a tropical area

“…under banana plants) within the forested areas [ 14 , 15 ]. Although habitat types may vary among different ecological settings, such as in different areas of urbanization [ 10 , 16 ], these diverse aquatic habitats can generally be divided into the following four categories: (1) indoor environments, such as flower pots, jars, and water containers, which are common in the tropics and subtropics [ 17 – 20 ]; (2) semi-shaded environments, for example retired tires and rice fields [ 21 , 22 ]; (3) nearly fully shaded areas, for example, aquatic habitats within banana fields or forested areas [ 14 ]; and (4) nearly fully open areas, such as drainage ditches and open containers [ 10 , 23 ]. Similarly, adult Ae.…”