Distribution of mineralization indices of modeling and remodeling over eight months in middiaphyseal cross sections of femurs from adult swine

Iwaniec, Urszula T.; Crenshaw, Thomas D.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199802)250:2<136::aid-ar2>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Double‐labeling vital stains have been extensively used to study growing long bones (Iwaniec and Crenshaw,1998; Lerner et al,1998) and occasionally sutures (Engström et al,1986; Parr et al,1997; Rafferty and Herring,1999). The five‐day interval produced good separation of the labels in the younger pigs, but in the slower growing sutures of older pigs, the labels were often superimposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH Transitions in Ion‐Exchange Systems: Role in the Development of a Cation‐Exchange Process for a Recombinant Protein

Ghose

McNerney

Hubbard

2002

Biotechnology Progress

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Unexpected transient changes in effluent pH can occur during ion-exchange chromatography. Such changes can occur even if a column that is equilibrated with a buffer receives another solution in the same buffer and of the same pH but of a different salt concentration. An attempt is made to understand the basis for this phenomenon and apply it to the process purification of a recombinant protein on a strong cation-exchange resin. Incomplete column equilibration was eliminated as a possible cause of these effects. Various buffering species and various salt ions were studied at different solution concentrations to investigate pH transitions on strong cation-exchange resins. A further comparison was made between cation-exchange resins with different backbone chemistries. On the basis of these studies, a mechanism is proposed for these phenomena based on competitive equilibria between ions from the buffer salts and H(+)/OH(-) ions. In addition to the equilibria between these ions and the functional groups on the resins, charged groups on the resin backbone were also found to contribute to transient pH changes. The results from this study were applied to the cation-exchange step for a recombinant protein that was sensitive to pH excursions to help maintain activity of the protein during the purification process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH Transitions in Ion‐Exchange Systems: Role in the Development of a Cation‐Exchange Process for a Recombinant Protein

Ghose

McNerney

Hubbard

2002

Biotechnology Progress

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“…In general, emission spectra of tetracyclines are in the yellow range (dimethyltin dichloride [DMTC] being orange-yellow), xylenol orange fluoresces orange, calcein green fluoresces green, both calcein blue and 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N,N-tetraacetate (BAPTA) emit blue light, and alizarin red=complexone, procion H8-B, and hematoporphyrin are seen in the red spectrum. In the group of tetracyclines, at least 10 different types were described and used in a variety of species, such as amphibians, 42 mice, 43,44 rats, 41,45-49 guinea pigs, 50 rabbits, 14,39,51,52 (mini) pigs, 53,54 dogs, [55][56][57][58] sheep, 59-61 goats, 62-65 horses, 66 monkeys, 37 and man. 5,31,67,68 The label width is the result of bone mineralization rate multiplied by the period of time during which the labeled calcium is present in the extracellular fluid and is affected by the route of administration, the label clearance, and calcium affinity.…”

Section: Fluorochrome Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Fluorochrome Labels inIn VivoBone Tissue Engineering Research

Gaalen

Kruyt²,

Geuze³

et al. 2010

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

156

126

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The use of fluorochromes in bone research is a widely accepted technique that dates back to the 1950s. Several pioneers, such as Harold Frost, have thoroughly investigated the potential of fluorochrome use for the study on bone formation and bone remodeling dynamics. Since the development of bone tissue engineering, a renewed interest in the benefits of fluorochrome use was perceived. Fluorochrome use in animal models makes it possible to determine the onset time and location of osteogenesis, which are the fundamental parameters in bone tissue engineering studies. There is, however, a lack of standardized procedures for using this technique. In addition, many types of fluorochromes exist and one could be confused upon selecting the appropriate type, the appropriate concentration, the route of administration, and methods of visualization. All these variables can potentially affect the outcome during fluorescence microscopy. This work aims at providing the bone tissue engineering researcher with an overview of the history, working mechanism, and the potential pitfalls in the use of fluorochromes in animal studies. Experiments using some of the more frequently used fluorochromes are explained and illustrated.

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“…Pigs appear to be more suitable than rodents for investigating the effects of nutritional factors on the skeleton, since bone remodeling occurs in pigs (Iwaniec and Crenshaw 1998) but not in rodents. Moreover, recent data have shown that porcine bone marrow contains large numbers of osteoclast progenitors (Galvin et al 1996;Scheven et al 1998;Denis et al 2000;Rassi et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of osteoclastogenesis in porcine bone marrow cultures by quercetin and rutin

Rassi¹,

Lieberherr²,

Chaumaz³

et al. 2005

Cell Tissue Res

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Flavonols, in contrast to soybean isoflavones, are the most abundant phytoestrogens in western diets, being present in onions, beans, fruits, red wine, and tea. They may protect against atherosclerosis, inhibit certain cancer cell types, and reduce bone resorption. The most widely distributed flavonol is quercetin, which occurs mainly as its glycoside, rutin, but data are very scarce regarding the precise mechanism of action of these compounds on bone-resorbing cells at concentrations similar to those detected in human plasma. We have therefore investigated the effects of nanomolar concentrations of quercetin and rutin on the development and activity of osteoclasts in vitro compared with the effects of 17beta-estradiol. Nonadherent porcine bone marrow cells were cultured on dentine slices in the presence of 10 nM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), with or without 10 nM quercetin, 10 nM rutin or 10 nM 17beta-estradiol for 11 days. Multinuclear TRAP+ cells that resorbed dentine (osteoclasts) developed in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3, but their number was significantly reduced by quercetin, rutin, and 17beta-estradiol (P < 0.05). Like 17beta-estradiol, both flavonols also significantly reduced resorption (P<0.05) as assessed by the size of pits resorbed on dentine slices. Osteoclasts and osteoclast progenitors contained estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), ERbeta, and RANK proteins. Both flavonols increased nuclear ERbeta protein and decreased ERalpha protein of osteoclast progenitors. Moreover, rutin reduced RANK protein, whereas 17beta-oestradiol and quercetin promoted apoptosis by cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3. All the effects of flavonols were reversed by 1 microM ICI 182,780, an estrogen antagonist. Thus, the anti-resorbing properties of flavonols are mainly mediated by ER proteins through the inhibition of RANK protein or the activation of caspases.

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Distribution of mineralization indices of modeling and remodeling over eight months in middiaphyseal cross sections of femurs from adult swine

Abstract: At least 50% of the cross-sectional area from alternate anatomical subsections must be measured to predict > 90% of variation in periosteal, intracortical, and endocortical mineralizing surface and mineral apposition rate in the sow middiaphyseal femur.

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

pH Transitions in Ion‐Exchange Systems: Role in the Development of a Cation‐Exchange Process for a Recombinant Protein

pH Transitions in Ion‐Exchange Systems: Role in the Development of a Cation‐Exchange Process for a Recombinant Protein

Use of Fluorochrome Labels inIn VivoBone Tissue Engineering Research

Modulation of osteoclastogenesis in porcine bone marrow cultures by quercetin and rutin

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