Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of playgrounds in Murcia City (Spain)

Acosta, José A.; Cano, Ángel Faz; Arocena, J. M.; Debela, F.; Martínez-Martínez, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.034

Cited by 208 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Particular concerns were observed for children .0 in PM2.5; 1.15-1.45 in PM2.5-10). These findings are relevant because young children have lower tolerance to toxins (Acosta et al 2009). In addition, due to their behavior (hand-to-mouth activities, touching and mouthing of various dust-contaminated objects; Beamer et al 2008) children exposure to metals might be even higher (indirectly by indigestion) which could result in increased risks than here estimated.…”

Section: −2mentioning

confidence: 98%

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Slezáková

Morais

Pereira

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Hospitals are considered as a special and important type of indoor public place where air quality has significant impacts on potential health outcomes. Information on indoor air quality of these environments, concerning exposures to partic-ulate matter (PM) and related toxicity, is limited though. This work aims to evaluate risks associated with inhalation exposure to ten toxic metals and chlorine (As, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn, Se, Ba, Al, Si, and Cl) in coarse (PM2.5-10) and fine (PM2.5) particles in a Portuguese hospital in comparison with studies representative of other countries. Samples were collected during 1 month in one urban hospital; elemental PM characterization was determined by proton-induced X-ray emission. Noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were assessed according to the methodology provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA; Region III Risk-Based Concentration Table) for three different age categories of hospital personnel (adults, >20, and <65 years) and patients (considering nine different age groups, i.e., children of 1-3 years to seniors of >65 years). The estimated noncarcinogenic risks due to occupational inhalation exposure to PM2.5-bound metals ranged from 5.88×10−6 for Se (adults, 55-64 years) to 9.35×10 −1 for As (adults, 20-24 years) with total noncarcinogenic risks (sum of all metals) above the safe level for all three age categories. As and Cl (the latter due to its high abundances) were the most important contributors (approximately 90 %) to noncarcinogenic risks. For PM2.5-10, noncarcinogenic risks of all metals were acceptable to all age groups. Concerning carcinogenic risks, for Ni and Pb, they were negligible (<1×10 −6 ) in both PM fractions for all age groups of hospital personnel; potential risks were observed for As and Cr with values in PM2.5 exceeding (up to 62 and 5 times, respectively) USEPA guideline across all age groups; for PM2.5-10, increased excess risks of As and Cr were observed particularly for long-term exposures (adults, 55-64 years). Total carcinogenic risks highly (up to 67 times) exceeded the recommended level for all age groups, thus clearly showing that occupational exposure to metals in fine particles pose significant risks. If the extensive working hours of hospital medical staff were considered, the respective noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were increased, the latter for PM2.5 exceeding the USEPA cumulative guideline of 10 . For adult patients, the estimated noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were approximately three times higher than for personnel, with particular concerns observed for children and adolescents.

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Section: −2mentioning

confidence: 98%

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Slezáková

Morais

Pereira

2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Such a pattern is usually attributed to the increase in the specific surface area and concomitant increase in the proportion of reactive substrates 28 with negative charges associated with these fine particles. 29 …”

Section: Heavy Metals In Particle Size Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals in bulk and particle size fractions from street dust of Kathmandu city as the possible basis for risk assessment

Karmacharya

Shakya

2012

Sci World

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Street dust has been sampled from eight major locations of Kathmandu city. The samples were separated into three particle size fractions (<425, 425-600 and >600 μm) and analyzed for Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. Results revealed that the bulk samples as well as all particle size fractions under investigation were found to have the metal abundance order as Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb. However, the trace metal concentrations increased with the decrease of dust particle size in all samples. About 35-68% of heavy metals were associated with the small particle size fraction (<425 μm) and this particle size accounted for 64-81% of the total mass of street dust from all locations. The smaller particle size fraction has a higher heavy metal content, low density, high mobility in runoff, and thus is a higher risk for the residents of Kathmandu city. From the present study, we conclude that a monitoring plan and a suitable risk assessment are necessary to evaluate the evolution of metal concentration in dust in order to develop the proper measures for reducing the risk of inhalation and ingestion of dust for humans and environment.

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“…Many studies have provided the evidence that fine particles mobilized and transported in soils and aquifers can have a profound influence the accumulation and speciation of heavy metals in the different particle size fractions. Acosta et al [11] figured out that the high amounts (60-80%) of calcite and dolomite was the main reason of metals accumulation in fine fractions in the soils of urban parks in Murcia City, Spain. Quenea et al [12] found that Zn seemed to be mainly bounded to soil organic matter associated with clay particles, while Pb seemed to prefer to interact directly with the mineral surfaces versus the organic matter in a soil contaminated by waste water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies regarding the heavy metals partitioning in different size fraction of soils focused on the size from 2000 m to <2 m for the purpose of identifying the contribution of polluted urban soil particles to airborne particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) [7][8][9]11]. The size-fraction of heavy metals in the soil colloid was seldom reported due to the difficulty of separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size-fraction of heavy metals in the soil colloid was seldom reported due to the difficulty of separation. Most of studies applied the traditional sieving and centrifugation method to separate different size-fractions [7,11,14], however, the traditional methods are usually low efficient and difficult to obtain fine particles. Although a few studies were concentrated on the very fine particles [1,13], the particle properties and their relationship with metal accumulation were not studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The heavy metal partition in size-fractions of the fine particles in agricultural soils contaminated by waste water and smelter dust

Zhang

Luo

Makino

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of playgrounds in Murcia City (Spain)

Cited by 208 publications

References 42 publications

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Trace metals in size-fractionated particulate matter in a Portuguese hospital: exposure risks assessment and comparisons with other countries

Heavy metals in bulk and particle size fractions from street dust of Kathmandu city as the possible basis for risk assessment

The heavy metal partition in size-fractions of the fine particles in agricultural soils contaminated by waste water and smelter dust

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