Distribution of maize lethal necrosis epidemics and its association with cropping systems and cultural practices in Ethiopia

Regassa, Bayissa; Abraham, Adane; Fininsa, Chemeda; Wegary, Dagne; Wolde-Hawariat, Yitbarek

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105151

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…MLN natural alternate hosts were assessed in Oromia and SNNP regions of Ethiopia in 2016 and 2017 during the main cropping season (August to September). East Shewa, Arsi and Jimma zones of Oromia and Wolayita zone of SNNP Regional States that have high levels of MLN infestation (Regassa et al., 2020) were selected for the study. Two districts with the history of high MLN incidence were purposively selected from East Shewa (Adame Zuria and Lume), Jimma (Omo Nada and Shebe Sonbo) and Wolayita (Damot Gale and Damot Pulasa) zones, while only one district was picked from Arsi Zone (Jeju district).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maize ( Zea mays L.) is an important staple cereal in terms of production, acreage and number of households producing the crop in Ethiopia (CSA, 2018). Despite its importance, maize production is threatened by maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a devastating viral disease that is widely spreading in the country (Regassa et al., 2020). The disease was initially reported in the Rift Valley area of Ethiopia in 2014 (Mahuku et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternate hosts and seed transmission of maize lethal necrosis in Ethiopia

Regassa

Abraham

Fininsa

et al. 2021

Journal of Phytopathology

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Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease caused by double infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) has become a major maize production constraint in Ethiopia. A field survey was conducted in areas where MLN infection was reported to identify naturally infected alternate hosts. MCMV host range was also studied by artificially inoculating various weed species in the greenhouse to determine potential alternate hosts. Using the serological method of double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAS‐ELISA) test, MCMV was detected in 23 (20.35%), and SCMV was detected in 4 (3.53%) of 113 MLN symptomatic samples collected from the field, while combined infection of both viruses was detected in 11 (9.73%) of the samples. Poaceae family had the highest number of grass species that were alternate hosts for MLN causing viruses. Digitaria sanguinalis, Phalaris paradoxa, Oplismenus hirtellus, Echinocloa colona, Cynodon nlemfuensis, Pennisetum purpureum from Poaceae and Cyperus cyperoids from Cyperaceae family were naturally infected by MCMV. Cyperus rotundus, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were infected by both MCMV and SCMV under natural field conditions. In addition, seed transmission study was conducted using growing‐on tests to determine the potential of seed transmission and its role in the spread of MLN. Overall mean seed to the seedling transmission rate was 0.073% with a range of 0 to 0.17% among 20 different maize varieties studied. Fourteen maize genotypes had some levels of seed transmission (0.03%–0.017%) for MCMV, whereas, SCMV seed transmission was observed only in a single plant of one genotype, with an overall mean of only 0.003%. Seed transmission rates of the viruses were influenced by the seed lot and maize varieties used. The wide ranges of natural and experimental alternate hosts and seed transmissibility of MLN causing viruses suggest that the viruses play a greater role in MLN epidemiology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternate hosts and seed transmission of maize lethal necrosis in Ethiopia

Regassa

Abraham

Fininsa

et al. 2021

Journal of Phytopathology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The main driving factors are including the magnitude of primary virus source within the crop; vector first arrival time relative to crop emergence; abundance and activity of vectors in the crop; climatic factors, including influences of the temperature (Thackray et al, 2004). The losses and the resulting financial damage can be limited by managing plant virus epidemics using measures that reduce virus infection sources or suppress virus spread , Regassa et al, 2020.…”

Section: Plant Virus Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such weather extremes can create exceptional conditions for extensive virus disease outbreaks in cultivated and natural vegetation. The study carried out in Ethiopia by Regassa et al (2020) on the epidemic of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) which is caused by co-infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus with Sugarcane mosaic virus indicated that high prevalence and disease incidence of MLN were highest at altitudinal ranges of and 1700-2000 m.a.s.l as compared to higher altitude of >2000 m.a.s.l. Maize grown at an altitude range of 1700 to 1200 m.a.s.l receives moderate rainfall (Abate et al, 2015), and characterized by warm and semi-humid weather conditions, which could be conducive environment for insect vectors development and spread that result in increased prevalence and disease incidence of MLN.…”

Section: Influence Of Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Temperature and Rainfall Change on Epidemics caused by Plant viruses

2021

JNSR

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Plant virus diseases are one of the limiting factors to crop productivity by diminishing the quantity, quality and responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. The Epidemic of plant virus diseases is the result of interactions between virus, host plant, vector, and environmental factors. Changes in host plants and insect vector dynamics that result from temperature and rainfall change could have an influence on the spread of plant viruses. The rising of temperature and heat stress increase the susceptibility of host plants to virus infection and accelerates the fitness of viruses to cause disease. The increasing temperature also changes insect vector population dynamics by accelerating insect phenology, causing earlier and prolonged colonization because it makes appropriate environmental conditions for the insect vectors. Insect populations of most virus vectors build up more rapidly in areas with high temperatures and high relative humidity and decline at low temperature. In addition, the rising temperatures can increase the efficiency of virus transmission from infected to healthy plants by insect vectors. An increasing frequency of heavy rainfall events is likely to slow the virus prevalence and incidence by washing insect vectors, thus reducing vector density. Flooding within annual crop growing period enhances the subsequent growth of weed and volunteer crop plant which act as reservoirs of insect vectors and the viruses, and its occurrence outside growing seasons increases subsequent growth of such reservoirs.

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“…MCMV can cause 91% yield loss occurs in co-infection with either MDMV or Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) (Niblett and Claflin, 1978). In Africa, MCMV is a serious disease of maize from its first outbreak in Kenya (Wangai et al, 2012) to the present (Regassa et al, 2020;. In Africa 30-100% loss in co-infection with SCMV (Wangai et al, 2012, Mahuku et al, 2015Guide et al, 2018;Regassa et al, 2020).…”

Section: Yield Loses Caused By MCMVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus: Distribution, Alternative Hosts, Transmission Mechanisms and Management Options

2021

JBAH

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Distribution of maize lethal necrosis epidemics and its association with cropping systems and cultural practices in Ethiopia

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Alternate hosts and seed transmission of maize lethal necrosis in Ethiopia

Alternate hosts and seed transmission of maize lethal necrosis in Ethiopia

Impact of Temperature and Rainfall Change on Epidemics caused by Plant viruses

Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus: Distribution, Alternative Hosts, Transmission Mechanisms and Management Options

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