Distribution of lipoteichoic acids and other amphipathic antigens in oral streptococci

Hamada, S

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(80)90076-2

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although PGP-LTA synthesis was found to be widespread among the species examined, strains of both S. rnitis and S. oralis were exceptional in this respect, which supports the results of previous studies of PGP-LTA synthesis in oral streptococci (17,32) and is consistent with the results of more detailed taxonomic studies which have shown that these organisms are closely related to Streptococcus pneumoniue. Thus, S. mitis, S. oralis, and S. pneumoniae form a small cluster, which exhibits 99% 16s rRNA sequence homology, within a larger cluster termed the mitis group, which also contains Streptococcus gordonii, S. sanguis, and Streptococcus parasanguis (25).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Previously, Rosan (32) and Hamada et al (17) showed that Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis biotype I1 (also previously known as biotype B) do not synthesize PGP-LTA. However, since these studies there have been profound changes in the classification of oral streptococci, including emended descriptions of some species and descriptions of a number of new species, such as S. mitis and S. sanguis (for a review see reference 19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Lipoteichoic Acid in Oral Streptococci

Hogg

Whiley²,

Soet³

1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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The heterogeneous bacterial group known as oral streptococci was screened for the presence of cellular polyglycerolphosphate-containing lipoteichoic acid. This compound was detected in phenol extracts of lyophilized cells by an immunoassay in which polyglycerolphosphate-specific monoclonal antibody was used. Polyglycerolphosphate-containing lipoteichoic acid occurred in all 86 strains of oral streptococci examined except the Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis strains. This confirms the findings of Rosan (B. The term lipoteichoic acid (LTA) has been used to describe a group of closely related macroamphiphiles which are synthesized and primarily located in the cytoplasmic membranes of various gram-positive bacteria (5, 48). Historically, LTA has been structurally characterized by an unbranched linear polymer of 1,3-linked glycerol phosphate residues covalently attached to a terminal hydrophobic region comprised of fatty acids. Variations may occur in the length of the polyglycerolphosphate (PGP) chain, which usually does not exceed 40 residues, in the presence of glycosyl substituents and D-alanine on C-2 of the glycerol moiety, and in the structure of the glycolipid anchor. Thus, it is now common to use the term LTAs to indicate this heterogeneity. For reviews see references 10 and 38.RosanRecently, Fischer (12) has redefined LTAs as macroamphiphiles that contain alditolphosphates as integral parts of the hydrophilic chain. This more liberal definition allows for the inclusion of compounds in which the repeating unit contains glycosyl residues. These polyglycosylalditolphosphate-containing LTAs are very much less common than the classic PGPcontaining LTAs (PGP-LTAs). The wider definition was thought to be necessary to distinguish LTAs from macroamphiphiles which do not contain phosphate residues as an integral part of the repeating structure of the polar moiety and which Fischer (12) refers to as lipoglycans.Not all gram-positive microorganisms synthesize a form of LTA in its broader sense, and current evidence suggests that the organisms in which it is not present instead elaborate a lipoglycan. This may imply that these two classes of compounds could have similar functions, although the nature of the functions is by no means clear. This division between LTA-and lipoglycan-producing microorganisms, as defined by Fischer (12), appears to follow the broad taxonomic line based on guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) contents of DNAs in that LTA synthesis seems to occur predominantly in members of the low-G + C-content Clostridium-Bacillus branch of the grampositive eubacteria rather than in members of the high-G+C-content actinomycete branch as defined by Fox et al. (15). However, to date, only a relatively few species belonging to a small number of bacterial genera have been examined. Both PGP-and non-PGP-LTA-synthesizing species are represented within the oral streptococci, and since Schleifer et al. ( 3 9 , Ruhland and Fiedler (34), and, more recently, Sutcliffe (37) have suggested that LTAs may have value as c...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Lipoteichoic Acid in Oral Streptococci

Hogg

Whiley²,

Soet³

1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…Histologic studies have also been conducted on odontoblast apoptosis in the pulp cavity due to aging (14), by examining physiological apoptosis in healthy dental pulp at various developmental stages (15), and by observing physiological apoptosis and macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies (16). More recently, it has been found that a number of bacteria, irrespective of their gram-stain classification (positive or negative), can induce apoptosis and that the associated endotoxins from bacteria, in addition to other metabolites including exotoxin, can bring about apoptosis (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). It remains unclear, however, whether the influence of S. mutans on the dental pulp cells includes apoptosis.…”

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confidence: 98%

Streptococcus mutans Lipoteichoic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Cultured Dental Pulp Cells from Human Deciduous Teeth

Wang

Shirasu

Daito

et al. 2001

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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“…Partially characterized lipoglycans have been detected in some streptococci and actinomycetes. Streptococcus sanguis biotype B strains lack LTA (22,43), and low yields of a lipoheteropolysaccharide containing glucose, galactose, mannose, glycerol, and fatty acids have been recovered from S. sanguis ATCC 10557 (69). Actinomyces viscosus NY1 contains a fatty acylated heteropolysaccharide of mannose, glucose, and galactose which is substituted with glycerophosphate, N-acetylglucosamine, lysine, and alanine and has an overall anionic charge (66 LTA has been proposed to regulate cell wall autolysins.…”

Section: Structure and Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%