Distribution of lipid-based nanoparticles to infarcted myocardium with potential application for MRI-monitored drug delivery

Increased cardiac distribution of mono-PEGylated Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide in both myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion rats

“…In comparison, liposomes (~100 nm) displayed slower and more restricted extravasation from the vasculature and are therefore an attractive vehicle for the delivery of proangiogenic drugs. 29 In the present research, the PEG-ROP conjugates, with a hydrodynamic size approximately or beyond 10 nm, 21 were studied in parallel on the rat models of both MI and IR to clarify their ability to accumulate in the ischemic myocardia via the EPR effect. …”

“…In chronic MI, although perfusion is partially restored by angiogenesis, 37 the endothelium of these newly formed blood vessels was shown recently to be highly intact, making its permeability to macromolecules and nano-sized carrier systems rather low. 29,38 Thus, the distribution of macromolecular drugs to the necrotic core in MI should depend mainly on diffusion from peripheral interstitium, making the total distribution to the ischemic area relatively slow and uneven in MI compared to IR. However, once distributed, macromolecules would retain more efficiently in MI than in IR for the same reason.…”

Targeting delivery of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide to ischemic/reperfused rat myocardium by long-circulating macromolecular and liposomal carriers

“…4,6,18,36 Size dependence is the most prominent feature of the effect. That is to say, the EPR effect-based passive targeting depends to a large degree on the size of drug or carriers.…”

“…2 With ischemia continued, perfusion is partially restored by angiogenesis; 3 however, the endothelium of these newly formed blood vessels was shown recently to be highly intact, making its permeability to macromolecules and nanosized carrier systems rather low. 4,5 All these together make the efficient drug delivery to the ischemic local challenging. On the other hand, many antimyocardial ischemic drugs and adjuvants exhibit a short blood circulation half-life and/or poor solubility in blood, which further limits their accumulation in the ischemic region.…”

“…[23][24][25] To combat their immediate uptake and clearance by the reticuloendothelial system as well as their relatively low stability in vivo, PEG-coated long-circulating liposomes (L-Lps) have been developed and widely used. 4,25,26 However, the application of liposomes to polysaccharide-based drugs is still quite limited.…”