Distribution of lignin–carbohydrate complex in plant kingdom and its functionality as alternative medicine

Protection of Differentiating Neuronal Cells from Amyloid β Peptide-induced Injury by Alkaline Extract of Leaves of Sasa senanensis Rehder

“…Among them, antiviral (2) and anti-UV activities (3) were prominent, possibly due to the presence of lignin carbohydrate complex in the extract (4,5). We also manufactured a tooth paste that have antihalitosis effects (6).…”

“…Aβs have been reported to induce apoptosis in neuronal cells by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative 2 , and incubated to achieve complete cell attachment. Cells were treated for 4,8,12,48,72 stress (10), alteration of metal ion influx (11), endoplasmic reticulum stress (12) and impaired autophagy (13). In order to test the generality of cell protective activity of SE, we investigated here whether SE protects the neuronal cell death induced by amyloid β-peptides (Aβ and Aβ [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] ).…”

Application of Enterosorbents in Clinical Practice

“…В эксперименте на мышах лигнины способство-вали увеличению выработки оксида азота и блокировали синтез провоспалительных цитокинов (IL 1␤, IL 10, TNF ␣) [29,30]. Японские и китайские исследователи сообща-ют о высокой анти-ВИЧ активности лигнин-углеводных комплексов, обусловленной подавлением клеточной адсорбции ВИЧ, ингибированием обратной транскрипта-зы и протеазы [31][32][33].…”

Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus with Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex Tablet, an Alternative Therapeutic Formula

“…Varying the ratio of polysaccharide to phenylpropenoid polymer produces heterogeneity in the acidity, water-solubility, ethanol-insolubility, and molecular weight of LCC that might strongly affect its antiviral potency (Sakagami, et al, 2005(Sakagami, et al, , 2010b. However, this possibility has not been tested yet by any investigators.…”

“…and Zucc. (T/C=227, 247%) showed higher antitumor activity in mice, than those prepared from Pinus densiflora (Manabe, et al, 1992), husk and mass of Theobroma cacao (SI= 311, 46) (Sakagami et al, 2008 and cultured extract of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) (SI=>94) (Kawano et al 2010) and mulberry juice (SI=7) (Sakagami et al, 2007(Sakagami et al, , 2010bSakagami & Watanabe, 2011) showed higher anti-HIV activity than lower molecular weight polyphenols, such as tannins (SI=1-11) (Nakashima, et al, 1992b) and flavonoids (SI=1) (Fukai, et al, 2000), and natural and chemically modified glucans [N,N-dimethylaminoethyl paramylon, N,N-diethylaminoethyl paramylon, 2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammoniopropyl paramylon, sodium caroboxymethyl paramylon, carboxymethyl-TAK) (SI=1) except for sulfated polysaccharide (such as paramylon sulfate and dextran sulfate) (Koizumi, et al, 1993). Limited digestion of lignin structure by NaClO 2 resulted in significant loss of anti-HIV activity (from SI=14 to 3), whereas removal of the monosaccharide residues by acidcatalyzed hydrolysis did not significantly affect the anti-HIV activity (from SI= 14 to 13) suggesting that that phenylpropenoid polymer, but not sugar moiety, is important for anti-HIV activity.…”