Distribution of Imidacloprid in Soil Following Subsurface Drip Chemigation

Behavior of nursery-box-applied imidacloprid in micro paddy lysimeter

“…Felsot et al 31) reported that when the soil become saturated or near-saturated, imidacloprid could leach to depths of at least 105 cm. Junior et al found that preferential transport through macropores possibly resulted in downward imidacloprid movement through heavy clay soils.…”

Distribution of Chemical and Microbial Pesticides through Drip Irrigation Systems

“…Soil samples containing Imidacloprid were placed in glass jars, transported to the laboratory, and stored in a freezer at -40 °C until analysis. Methanol was used to extract Imidacloprid from the soil samples (Felsot et al, 1998) and ELISA kits (Envirologix, Inc., Portland, ME, USA) for Imidacloprid were used to determine the amount of Imidacloprid in the soil (Castle et al 2005). Soil samples containing EPF were placed in glass jars, and sent overnight with an ice pack to a laboratory for analysis.…”

“…Also, applying pesticides uniformly and sufficiently to target pests under the soil or container substrates is a challenging constraint of current spray technologies. Drip irrigation, noted for its highly efficient water distribution capability to increase crop yields (Grabow et al, 2006;Plaut et al, 1996;Bryla et al, 2003;Lamm and Trooien, 2003;Zhu et al, 2004), offers an alternative strategy to carry the label-allowed pest control agents to the target areas in the soil for effective insect or disease control (Felsot et al, 1998). Uniform chemical distribution pattern in the soil plays an important role to achieve high pest control efficiency and a sustainable safe environment.…”

Insectigation in Vegetable Crops: The Application of Insecticides Through a Drip, or Trickle, Irrigation System

“…These new-chemistry insecticides are especially suited for application through a drip irrigation system because they are highly soluble, they are root systemic and essentially non-phytotoxic to most plants, they are highly effective against specific pests, and they are considered by the USEPA to be reduced-risk pesticides. Felsot et al (1998) examined the distribution of imidacloprid in soil when applied through a drip irrigation system and concluded that it is a good candidate for insect control via drip irrigation systems.…”