Distribution of<i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>in Salmonid Fishes in Montana

Baldwin, Thomas J.; Peterson, James E.; McGhee, Gayle C.; Staigmiller, Kenneth D; Motteram, Ernie; Downs, Christopher C.; Stanek, Danielle

doi:10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0361:domcis>2.0.co;2

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1). Baldwin et al (1998) also found that gill arches of brown trout were more often involved than the ventral calvarium (cranium), w h c h was the predominant site of microscopic lesions in rainboy trout. The presence of fewer parasites, distributed more in non-cranial cartilage and less inflammation in brown trout compared to rainbow trout, may in part explain why 'whirling' is not a cornmon feature of the disease in brown trout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Comparative susceptibility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta to Myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease

et al. 1999

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Comparative susceptibility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta to Myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease

et al. 1999

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“…This segment of Willow Creek is inhabited by large numbers of M. cerebralis-infected wild trout. 1 The elevation is approximately 1,450 m, and water flows range from a peak of 9.1 m 3 /sec in June to a low of 0.25 m 3 /sec in August. The lowest flows generally coincide with the peak irrigation period in mid-to late summer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxobolus Cerebralis Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) Exposed Under Natural Stream Conditions

et al. 2000

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Abstract. From early April into mid-June 1977, sequential groups of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) were each exposed for 10 days to the parasite Myxobolus cerebralis by immersion in a stream inhabited by infected wild trout. Following incubation in a M. cerebralis-free facility, trout were subsequently killed, and heads and gill arches were examined by routine histologic methods. A grading scale to quantify lesion severity was developed and applied. Percentage infected, lesion severity scores, effects of water temperature and flow rates on percentage infected and lesion severity scores, and resulting pathology were determined for each species at each exposure period. The percentage of rainbow trout infected with M. cerebralis was significantly higher than the percentage of brown trout infected for each exposure period. The percentages of rainbow trout infected in exposure periods later in the calendar year were significantly higher than those in earlier periods. The percentages of brown trout infected were not significantly different among exposure periods. Overall average lesion severity scores were significantly higher in rainbow than in brown trout. Lesion severity scores in rainbow trout increased over time (a positive correlation with exposure period). Lesion severity scores were not significantly different for brown trout among exposure periods. A significant correlation existed between water temperature and percentage of rainbow trout infected; a significant correlation also existed between water temperature and lesion severity scores in rainbow trout. Similar correlations did not exist for percentage of brown trout infected or accompanying lesion severity scores. In rainbow trout, ventral calvarium was the most common site of M. cerebralis replication, followed by gill arches. In brown trout, lesions were virtually confined to gill arches. Early lesions consisted of foci of cartilage necrosis with small numbers of M. cerebralis developmental stages. More advanced lesions consisted of multifocal areas of cartilage necrosis with numerous M. cerebralis developmental stages and/or mature myxospores bordered and/or infiltrated by mono-and multinuclear leukocytes. Lesions in brown trout were smaller and had fewer associated leukocytes and M. cerebralis developmental stages and/or mature myxospores. Higher infection rates, lesion severity scores, and differences in lesion location in rainbow versus brown trout explain in part why numbers of rainbow but not brown trout have fallen in western rivers inhabited with M. cerebralis-infected trout.

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“…In drainage basins where M. cerebralis has been detected, wild rainbow trout populations have declined in Montana (Vincent 1996, Baldwin et al 1998) and Colorado (Nehring and Walker 1996), but not in California (Moden 1998) and Oregon (Sandell et al 2001). Rainbow trout WD risk is often examined using the prevalence of infection and the severity of the disease in juvenile, hatchery born rainbow trout of known size, age, and strain held in sentinel enclosures in situ (e.g., Downing et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk OfMyxobolus CerebralisInfection To Rainbow Trout In The Madison River, Montana, USA

Krueger

Kerans

Vincent

et al. 2006

Ecological Applications

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Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease, has had detrimental effects on several salmonid populations in the Intermountain West, including the rainbow trout in the Madison River, Montana, USA. The goal of this study was to examine relationships among characteristics of the environment, Tubifex tubifex (the alternate host) populations, and rainbow trout whirling disease risk in the Madison River. Environmental characteristics were measured in side channels of the Madison River, and differences were described with a principal components analysis. The density of T. tubifex, the prevalence of infection in T. tubifex, and the density of infected T. tubifex were determined for the side channels using benthic core samples and examination of live tubificids for infection. The site-specific contribution to whirling disease risk in the side channels was determined using in situ exposures of sentinel rainbow trout. Regression analyses were used to determine correlations among these characteristics. Side channels differed in site-specific contribution to rainbow trout whirling disease risk, which was positively correlated to the density of infected T. tubifex. Side channels with fine sediments and lower water temperatures made greater site-specific contribution to whirling disease risk and had higher densities of infected T. tubifex than side channels with coarser sediments and higher temperatures. The ability to characterize areas of high whirling disease risk is essential for improving our understanding of the dynamics of M. cerebralis such that appropriate management strategies can be implemented. In addition, this study provides a model of how the disease ecology of complex aquatic parasites can be examined when the influential processes operate on different spatial scales.

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Distribution ofMyxobolus cerebralisin Salmonid Fishes in Montana

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Comparative susceptibility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta to Myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease

Comparative susceptibility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta to Myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease

Myxobolus Cerebralis Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) Exposed Under Natural Stream Conditions

Risk OfMyxobolus CerebralisInfection To Rainbow Trout In The Madison River, Montana, USA

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