Distribution of hydrolytic enzymes in early rat and mouse embryos — A reappraisal

Solter, Davor; Damjanov, Ivan; Škreb, N.

doi:10.1007/bf00523633

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the preimplantation mouse embryo, AP activity was detected by electron microscopic analysis to be localized to areas of contact between adjacent blastomeres, with lack of activity on the free surfaces of the cells (Ishiyama and Izquierdo, 1977;Izquierdo et al, 1980;Johnson et al, 1977;Mulnard and Huygens, 1978), and activity was detected as early as the late two-or early four-cell stage. However, the basolateral localization and early expression were questioned in other studies (Solter et al, 1973;Vorbrodt et al, 1977). This paper reports the finding of two more bovine TSAPs (TSAP2 and TSAP3) that are expressed during preattachment development and the expression patterns of all four bovine isozymes in various tissues and during preattachment bovine embryo development in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sequences and expression patterns of alkaline phosphatase isozymes in preattachment bovine embryos and the adult bovine

et al. 1998

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We report the cloning and partial sequences of two novel bovine tissue‐specific alkaline phosphatase (AP) isozymes (TSAP2 and TSAP3) from in vitro–produced bovine blastocysts. Using a reverse‐transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)–based assay for mRNA expression and in vitro–produced preattachment bovine embryos, TSAP2 mRNA was detected first at the four‐cell stage prior to the major burst of embryonic transcription in cattle and TSAP3 at the eight‐cell stage with the major burst in transcription. Furthermore, the transcription of TSAP2 and TSAP3 displays a curious “on‐off” pattern during early cleavages between 40 and 120 hr after insemination. Activity of bovine AP, measured by an azo‐dye coupling technique, indicates that at least one AP isozyme is functional in oocytes and embryos throughout bovine preattachment development. However, maternal and embryonic‐derived AP activity may have different cell‐surface distributions. This novel expression pattern of the bovine AP isozymes could provide a useful tool for identifying and clarifying the events controlling transcription and gene expression during early embryo development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 50:7–17, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Sequences and expression patterns of alkaline phosphatase isozymes in preattachment bovine embryos and the adult bovine

et al. 1998

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“…Kleinsmith and Pierce (1) first demonstrated this by showing that a single embryonal carcinoma cell injected intraperitoneally could give rise to a teratocarcinoma containing a wide variety of differentiated tissues. Embryonal carcinoma cells also have ultrastructural (2,3), biochemical (4,5), and antigenic (6) properties in common with early embryos. Unlike the cells of the early embryo, however, embryonal carcinoma cells are relatively easy to obtain in large numbers and to culture in vitro.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differentiation of clonal lines of teratocarcinoma cells: formation of embryoid bodies in vitro.

Martin¹,

Evans²

1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

601

272

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The differentiation ir vitro of clonal pluripotent teratocarcinoma cells is reported. The first stage of this process is the formation of simple embryoid bodies which are identical to those found in animals bearing intraperitoneal teratocarcinomas. They consist of an inner core of embryonal earcinoma cells surrounded by a layer of endodermal cells which produce Reichert's membrane. The endodermal cells become apparent shortly after the embryonal carcinoma cells have formed aggregates which are loosely attached to the substratum. One clonal teratocarcinoma line was found to produce complex cystic embryoid bodies in vitro. Following formation of the endodermal cells, extensive differentiation to a wide variety of cell types occurs. There are similarities between the process of embryoid body formation and the early events of differentiation of the mouse embryo.Mouse teratocarcinomas are a useful alternative to embryos for the study of mammalian cell determination (the process by which multipotential cells become committed to a particular developmental pathway), as well as for the study of subsequent terminal differentiation. The stem cells of these tumors, known as embryonal carcinoma cells, are pluripotent: like the cells of the early embryo, they can differentiate to form derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Kleinsmith and Pierce (1) first demonstrated this by showing that a single embryonal carcinoma cell injected intraperitoneally could give rise to a teratocarcinoma containing a wide variety of differentiated tissues. Embryonal carcinoma cells also have ultrastructural (2, 3), biochemical (4, 5), and antigenic (6) properties in common with early embryos. Unlike the cells of the early embryo, however, embryonal carcinoma cells are relatively easy to obtain in large numbers and to culture in vitro.Several clonal lines of embryonal carcinoma cells have been isolated in vitro (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). When these cells are injected into mice they give rise to teratocarcinomas containing a wide variety of both mature and immature tissues. Since subclones of these lines also give rise to teratocarcinomas on reinjection, it is evident that pluripotent cells can be maintained in vitro.We describe here the differentiation of clonal teratocarcinoma cells under defined conditions in vitro. The importance of differentiation of pluripotent cells in vitro is the opportunity it affords to study cell determination under defined conditions. We have, therefore, focussed our attention on the earliest stages of differentiation in vitro. The results described below indicate that it is an orderly process which mirrors the development of the early embryo. MATERIALS AND METHODSCeU Culture&. The pluripotent SIKR teratocarcinoma line from which subclones were isolated has previously been de-1441 scribed (9,12

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“…In the mid-twentieth century, the cytoplasmic localization of several molecules in the egg was described with the suggestion that they are later portioned into specific blastocyst components, thus suggesting that mammals also follow mosaic development paradigm (Dalcq, 1966;Mulnard, 1955). [However, we were not able to reproduce these earlier results using better histochemical techniques (Solter, Damjanov, & Škreb, 1973)]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Preformation Versus Epigenesis in Early Mammalian Development

Solter

2016

Current Topics in Developmental Biology

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Distribution of hydrolytic enzymes in early rat and mouse embryos — A reappraisal

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Sequences and expression patterns of alkaline phosphatase isozymes in preattachment bovine embryos and the adult bovine

Sequences and expression patterns of alkaline phosphatase isozymes in preattachment bovine embryos and the adult bovine

Differentiation of clonal lines of teratocarcinoma cells: formation of embryoid bodies in vitro.

Preformation Versus Epigenesis in Early Mammalian Development

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