Distribution of hydrogen peroxide over Europe  during the BLUESKY aircraft campaign

Hamryszczak, Zaneta; Pozzer, Andrea; Obersteiner, Florian; Bohn, Birger; Steil, B.; Lelieveld, Jos; Fischer, H.

doi:10.5194/acp-22-9483-2022

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In particular, during five days with coordinated flights over Germany (23,26,and 28 May) and over the North Atlantic (30 May, 2 June), the payload offered the opportunity to probe the air masses in more detail. An overview of the BLUESKY mission is given in Voigt et al (2022), and further detailed studies are published by Schumann et al (2021a, b), Reifenberg et al (2022), Nussbaumer et al (2022), Hamryszczak et al (2022), andKrüger et al (2022). In the present study we will focus on the sulfur compounds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.…”

Section: Bluesky Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5g/h). Additionally, Hamryszczak et al (2022) found that hydrogen peroxides were scavenged by clouds during BLUESKY in the lower and middle troposphere (0-7 km). As SO 2 can easily be scavenged by clouds (Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006), the potential for SO 2 being transported from the local PBL to the UT seems unlikely.…”

Section: Stratospherically and Tropospherically Influenced Air Massesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced sulfur in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring 2020

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Sulfur compounds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) impact the atmosphere radiation budget, either directly as particles or indirectly as precursor gas for new particle formation. In situ measurements in the UTLS are rare but are important to better understand the impact of the sulfur budget on climate. The BLUESKY mission in May and June 2020 explored an unprecedented situation. (1) The UTLS experienced extraordinary dry conditions in spring 2020 over Europe, in comparison to previous years, and (2) the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic caused major emission reductions from industry, ground, and airborne transportation. With the two research aircraft HALO and Falcon, 20 flights were conducted over central Europe and the North Atlantic to investigate the atmospheric composition with respect to trace gases, aerosol, and clouds. Here, we focus on measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate sulfate (SO42-) in the altitude range of 8 to 14.5 km which show unexpectedly enhanced mixing ratios of SO2 in the upper troposphere and of SO42- in the lowermost stratosphere. In the UT, we find SO2 mixing ratios of (0.07±0.01) ppb, caused by the remaining air traffic, and reduced SO2 sinks due to low OH and low cloud fractions and to a minor extent by uplift from boundary layer sources. Particulate sulfate showed elevated mixing ratios of up to 0.33 ppb in the LS. We suggest that the eruption of the volcano Raikoke in June 2019, which emitted about 1 Tg SO2 into the stratosphere in northern midlatitudes, caused these enhancements, in addition to Siberian and Canadian wildfires and other minor volcanic eruptions. Our measurements can help to test models and lead to new insights in the distribution of sulfur compounds in the UTLS, their sources, and sinks. Moreover, these results can contribute to improving simulations of the radiation budget in the UTLS with respect to sulfur effects.

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Section: Bluesky Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stratospherically and Tropospherically Influenced Air Massesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced sulfur in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring 2020

et al. 2022

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“…Hydroperoxides were measured as the sum of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide and were determined using a wet chemical system named the Hydrogen Peroxide and Higher Organic Peroxides monitor (HYPHOP; (Klippel et al, 2011;Bozem et al, 2017;Hottmann et al, 2020;Hamryszczak et al, 2022) based on a previous design by Lazrus et al Lazrus et al, 1986). The ambient air was sampled from the top of the aircraft fuselage via a trace gas inlet (TGI) with a ½" PFA liner that left the cabin again through a second exhaust line.…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Please note that the steadystate calculations, which are based on observed levels of OH, HO2, and H2O2 photolysis rates, only account for photochemical production and loss of hydrogen peroxide. EMAC simulations additionally account for vertical and horizontal transport processes, as well as local losses due to cloud scavenging (Hamryszczak et al, 2022). Thus, deviations between local photostationary steady-state budget calculations and EMAC simulations can be used to identify and quantify the impact of convective processes in the ITCZ on the budget of H2O2 in the upper troposphere.…”

Section: Comparison Of Measured Hydrogen Peroxide With Photostationar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa during the CAFE-Africa aircraft campaign

Hamryszczak

Dienhart

Brendel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. This study focuses on the distribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the upper tropical troposphere at altitudes between 8 and 15 km based on in situ observations during the Chemistry of the Atmosphere – Field Experiment in Africa (CAFE-Africa) campaign conducted in August–September 2018 over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and western Africa. The measured hydrogen peroxide mixing ratios in the upper troposphere show a nearly uniform latitudinal distribution with locally increased levels (up to 1 ppbv) within the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), over the African coastal area, as well as during measurements performed in proximity of the tropical storm Florence (later developing into a hurricane), indicating the influence of convective transport processes. The measurements are compared to observation-based photostationary steady-state (PSS) calculations and numerical simulations by the global EMAC model. North of the ITCZ, PSS calculations produce lower H2O2 mixing ratios relative to the observations. Here observed mixing ratios exceed the PSS calculations by up to a factor of 2. On the other hand, PSS calculations overestimate the H2O2 mixing ratios south of the ITCZ by a factor of up to 3. The significant influence of convection in the ITCZ and the enhanced presence of clouds towards the southern hemisphere indicate contributions of atmospheric transport and cloud scavenging in the probed region. Differences between H2O2 observations and simulations of local PSS indicate that convective transport in the ITCZ region and consequent redistribution of H2O2 towards the north and south impacts the spatial distribution of H2O2 in the upper troposphere. Simulations performed by EMAC analogously overestimate hydrogen peroxide levels particularly in the southern hemisphere, most likely due to underestimated cloud scavenging. Latitudinal distribution analysis indicates a gradient from the equator towards the subtropics both in the EMAC simulations and the PSS calculations. On the other hand, the measurements display nearly uniform mixing ratios of the species in the upper troposphere with a slight decrease from the ITCZ towards the subtropics, indicating a relatively low dependency on the solar radiation inclination and the corresponding photolytic activity. The highest deviations relative to the observations correspond with the underestimated hydrogen peroxide loss due to enhanced cloud presence, scavenging, and rainout in the ITCZ and towards the south.

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“…More re-Z. Hamryszczak et al: HYPHOP: H 2 O 2 and ROOH monitor cent studies on the hydroperoxides have provided insights into their tropospheric abundance and their importance in atmospheric oxidative processes (Gunz and Hoffmann, 1990;Sakugawa et al, 1990;Reeves and Penkett, 2003;Klippel et al, 2011;Fischer et al, 2019;Hottmann et al, 2020;Allen et al, 2022a, b;Hamryszczak et al, 2022;Dienhart et al, 2023;Hamryszczak et al, 2023). Thus, it is not surprising that over the past decades, numerous hydroperoxide measurement methods have been established to investigate the species in both the gaseous and aqueous phases of the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HYPHOP: a tool for high-altitude, long-range monitoring of hydrogen peroxide and higher organic peroxides in the atmosphere

Hamryszczak,

Hartmann,

Dienhart

et al. 2023

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Measurements of hydroperoxides help improve our understanding of atmospheric oxidation processes. Here, we introduce an instrument setup designed for airborne hydroperoxide measurements. The HYdrogen Peroxide and Higher Organic Peroxides (HYPHOP) monitor has been deployed on the German High-Altitude and Long-range Observatory (HALO) aircraft and is based on dual-enzyme fluorescence spectroscopy, enabling measurements up to an ambient pressure of approximately 150 hPa pressure altitude (13.5–14 km). We characterized the measurement method and data acquisition of HYPHOP with special emphasis on potential sources of interference impacting instrument uncertainty. Physically derived interference was examined based on a dedicated test flight to investigate potential measurement inconsistencies arising from the dynamic movement patterns of the aircraft. During the test flight, the hydroperoxide monitor was operated in the background air sampling mode with purified air by scrubbing atmospheric trace gases, to investigate the instrument stability and potential parameters that might affect the measurements. We show that technical and physical challenges during flight maneuvers do not critically impact the instrument performance and the absolute measurements of hydroperoxide levels. Dynamic processes such as convective transport in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) are well-resolved as shown in the overview of a recent measurement campaign, Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment in Brazil, in December 2022–January 2023 (CAFE-Brazil). The instrument precision based on the measurement results during CAFE-Brazil for hydrogen peroxide and the sum of organic hydroperoxides is estimated to be 6.4 % (at 5.7 ppbv) and 3.6 % (at 5.8 ppbv), respectively, and the corresponding detection limits 20 and 19 pptv for a data acquisition frequency of 1 Hz. The determined instrumental temporal resolution is given at approximately 120 s.

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Distribution of hydrogen peroxide over Europe during the BLUESKY aircraft campaign

Cited by 5 publications

References 96 publications

Enhanced sulfur in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring 2020

Enhanced sulfur in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in spring 2020

Hydrogen peroxide in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and western Africa during the CAFE-Africa aircraft campaign

HYPHOP: a tool for high-altitude, long-range monitoring of hydrogen peroxide and higher organic peroxides in the atmosphere

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