Distribution of HLA Alleles and Haplotypes in Tamil-Speaking South Indian Populations: Affinities with Spanish and Austronesian

Raju, Kamaraj; Balakrishnan, K.; Dhivakar, Mani; Chinniah, Rathika; Albert, Christine M.; Justinkumar, P.; Navaneethakannan, K.

doi:10.1134/s1022795420090100

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The Mediterranean populations are divided from N1 node and form a different branch and clustered with Black. We have reported earlier that the Mukkuvar of Tamil Nadu (predominantly the eastern coastal inhabitants of South India) and Hispanic and Guanche populations share a very similar HLA genetic pool not withstanding with the fact of their distant geographic inhabitation [2]. The Guanches confirmed a North African origin and that they were genetically most similar to modern North African Berber people of the nearby North African mainland [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Micronesians are from northern Borneo and Sulawesi [23] and Melanesians are from the Papua New Guinean coast (Madang), islands (Rabaul) and highlands (Goroka), and from New Caledonia and Fiji [24]. We recently reported that the phylogenetic affinities of South Indian populations with the South East Asia, most particularly with Austronesians possibly by forward migration of Indian population into South East Asia [2]. Perhaps, it was established that, the ancestral population from Africa left a genetic trail in Indian sub-continent en route Australia, in the distant past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From time immemorial, Central Asia is Raju et al Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics (2022) 23:162 thought to be an important reservoir of genetic diversity and the source of at least three major waves of migration leading into Europe, the Americas, and India [1]. We recently established that two Tamil-speaking populations of the South India, the Mukkuvar, an endogamous group from coastal regions of South Tamil Nadu state, more closely related to ancient Hispanic and Guanche populations and the Valayar, a group inhabiting predominantly inland hilly regions with forest cover, are related to Austronesian and Micronesian populations [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The HLA profile and genetic affinities of three primitive Tamil-speaking endogamous groups: Kallars of Thanjavur, Piramalai Kallar and Vanniyar

Raju

Balakrishnan²,

Chinniah³

2022

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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Background The present study was aimed to study the frequencies of HLA-DRB1/-DQB1 alleles and haplotypes of three endogamous groups of Tamil Nadu state, South India. PCR-SSP typing of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles were performed on 111 Kallars of Thanjavur, 80 Piramalai Kallar of Madurai and 119 Vanniyar. Genetic distances, neighbor-joining phylogenetic dendrograms and correspondence analysis have been performed. Results The HLA class II alleles, DRB1*07 (25.2%), DRB1*15 (15.7%), DRB1*14 (11.7%) and DRB1*12 (9.90%) among Kallars of Thanjavur; DRB1*15 (28.7%), DRB1*04 (15.6%), DRB1*10 (14.3%), DRB1*13 (11.2%) and DRB1*03 (9.37%) among Piamalai Kallar and DRB1*15 (24.7%), DRB1*04 (15.9%), DRB1*07 (11.7%), DRB1*12 (11.3%) and DRB1*10 (10.0%) among Vanniyar were more frequent. Similarly, alleles DQB1*06 (31.0%), DQB1*02 (26.5%) and DQB1*05 (24.7%) among Kallars of Thanjavur; DQB1*05 (32.5%), DQB1*06 (31.8%), DQB1*02 (16.2%) and DQB1*03:02 (12.5%) among Piramalai Kallar and DQB1*05 (52.9%), DQB1*06 (22.6%) and DQB1*02 (11.3%) among Vanniyar were more frequent. We genotyped the two most frequent two-locus haplotypes, such as DRB1*15-DQB1*06 and DRB1*07-DQB1*02 for HLA-A/-B/–C alleles to identify the 5-locus extended haplotypes to extrapolate global affinities. We identified a number of five locus extended haplotypes among south Indian population with stronger global affinities. Further, we identified the presence of a highly unique extended haplotypes such as A*11-B*35-C*12-DRB1*07-DQB1*02 (HF:0.1458) in Kallars of Thanjavur, A*03-B*35-C*04-DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (HF:0.1833) in Piramalai Kallar and A*03-B*07-C*07-DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (HF: 0.1800) in Kallars of Thanjavur and (HF: 0.1081) in Vanniyar population. Conclusions Allele distribution and haplotype analysis have demonstrated that the Kallars of Thanjavur, Piramalai Kallar and Vanniyar populations shared HLA alleles with other ethnic and other Indian populations, while showing population specific haplotypes. Analysis of population-specific distribution of HLA alleles is proved to be important in finding out the relatedness of the ethnic groups across continents. The extensive polymorphism of the HLA system also has useful application in the study of the origin, evolution and migration patterns of human populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%