Distribution of hepatitis E virus infection and its prevalence in pigs on commercial farms in Spain

Seminati, Chiara; Mateu, Enric; Peralta, Bibiana; Deus, Nilsa de; Martín, M.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.11.018

Cited by 101 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In Italy, HEV strains have often been detected in swine populations (4,9,10). These data are in line with recent reports from Spain and Netherlands (28,29) suggesting that HEV infection is widespread in European pig farms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Sewage Samples

Rosa

Pourshaban

Iaconelli

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. In Italy, the true burden of HEV infection is unknown. Molecular HEV screening of raw sewage samples from 11 wastewater treatment plants yielded 19 positives (16%; 18 genotype I, 1 genotype III) evenly distributed throughout Italy. Evidence that HEV could be establishing itself in our region is accumulating and may justify more active surveillance to monitor its spread.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Sewage Samples

Rosa

Pourshaban

Iaconelli

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Obtained results indicated that HEV is highly prevalent in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wild boar with a mean seroprevalence rate of 43.75% and 57.05%, respectively. The seroprevalence rate in Lithuanian pigs nearly corroborates study reports from Canada (Yoo et al 2001), Spain (Seminati et al 2008) and Switzerland (Burri et al 2014) where 38-59.5% of tested serum samples had antibodies against HEV. In contrast, a study from the UK indicated that 92.8% of 640 pigs sampled at slaughter were seropositive to HEV (Tedder 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wildlife

Spancernienė

Buitkuvienė²,

Grigas

et al. 2016

Acta Vet. Brno

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Hepatitis E is an important public health concern disease that causes acute hepatitis in humans with different hepatitis E virus strains reported among domestic and wild animals. In Lithuania, seroprevalence studies on animals considered to be possible virus reservoirs, particularly in wildlife species, had never been investigated before. In order to assess the actual distribution of the virus in the domestic pig and wildlife species, serum samples originating from different geographic areas of Lithuania were tested for the presence of antibodies to the virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study results proved that hepatitis E virus infection is prevalent among domestic pigs, wild boar, moose, and roe deer in Lithuania, with the overall prevalence of IgG antibodies against hepatitis E virus being 43.75%, 57.05%, 11.76%, and 1.20%, respectively. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) seroprevalence values of 53.66% and 80% were observed in weaned pigs and adult wild boar. Herds with 15 001-30 000 pigs were 2.4 times more likely (P < 0.01) to test positive for hepatitis E virus antibodies (70.18%), than herds with ≤ 500 pigs (21.11%). The differences in seroprevalence rates between domestic pigs (from 25 to 66.67%) and wild boar (from 42.86 to 73.33% ) in all 10 counties were not significant (P > 0.05). Estimated low seroprevalence rate in moose, roe deer and absence of antibodies in red deer suggest that such wildlife species are accidental hosts of hepatitis E virus or at least hepatitis E virus is not present in Lithuanian cervides. HEV, sow, wild boar, cervidae, serum, zoonosisAccording to data reported by the World Health Organization (2015), in humans there are estimated 20 million cases of hepatitis E infections, over 3 million symptomatic cases of hepatitis E, and 56 600 hepatitis E-related deaths every year. Therefore, hepatitis E is considered an emerging zoonotic disease in many developing and industrialized countries. The aetiological agent of the disease is hepatitis E virus (HEV) that affects multiple hosts. The HEV is unique among known hepatitis (A, B, C, D) viruses because domestic pigs, wild boar, deer, and other animal species are considered to be possible reservoirs of HEV. Up to date, at least seven genotypes of HEV have been reported, and five of them have been described in humans (HEV-1 and HEV-2 anthroponotic, HEV-3 and HEV-4 zoonotic, HEV-7 zoonotic potential is still being questioned) (Roth et al. 2016). In contrast to humans, pigs and wild boar infected by HEV do not show obvious clinical manifestations.The consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated meat of domestic pig, wild boar or deer and also seafood receiving sewage sludge or direct contact with infected animals have been identified as modes of transmission linked to autochthonous sporadic cases of acute hepatitis E in humans (Pavio et al. 2010;Kaba et al. 2013). Moreover, increased distribution and availability of game meat poses a major risk for foodborne transmission of HEV worldwide. In addition,

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“…Swine sera were kindly provided by M. Martín and had been tested previously using a SAR55 (gt1)-based ELISA (27). In all cases in which HEV RNA could be detected in these samples, the strain was gt3 (27). Most of the human sera tested were kindly provided by M. Buti and had been assayed previously with the same commercial test used here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Immunoassay for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus on the Basis of Genotype 3 Open Reading Frame 2 Recombinant Proteins Produced in Trichoplusia ni Larvae

Oya¹,

Galindo²,

Gironés

et al. 2009

J Clin Microbiol

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans, and strains of genotypes 1 and 2 are endemic in many regions with suboptimal sanitary conditions. In many industrialized countries, HEV strains of genotype 3 are highly endemic in swine, and an increased number of autochthonous infections with HEV genotype 3 strains have been reported lately. Serological studies of HEV infection are often conducted with commercial assays based on peptides and recombinant proteins of HEV genotype 1 and 2 strains. For some patients with proven HEV genotype 3 infections, these assays failed to detect specific antibodies, and they are not applicable or validated for the detection of anti-HEV antibodies in swine. To elucidate the incidence of hepatitis E in regions where HEV genotype 3 infections can be expected, and to study the seroprevalence of HEV in swine, new tools with broad specificity for all genotypes of HEV are needed. We present the expression and partial characterization of recombinant HEV genotype 3 open reading frame 2 (ORF-2) proteins and their usefulness as diagnostic antigens in detecting anti-HEV antibodies in humans and swine with proven HEV genotype 3 infections. The recombinant antigens were produced at relatively high yields and at low cost upon infection of Trichoplusia ni larvae with recombinant baculoviruses expressing recombinant HEV genotype 3 ORF-2 proteins. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recombinant proteins showed good specificity and sensitivity for anti-HEV genotype 3 immunoglobulin G detection in human and swine sera. These recombinant HEV genotype 3 ORF-2 proteins might be added to diagnostic kits containing HEV genotype 1 and 2 antigens in order to develop a broadly sensitive new tool for the diagnosis of hepatitis E.

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Distribution of hepatitis E virus infection and its prevalence in pigs on commercial farms in Spain

Cited by 101 publications

References 8 publications

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Sewage Samples

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Sewage Samples

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wildlife

Serological Immunoassay for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus on the Basis of Genotype 3 Open Reading Frame 2 Recombinant Proteins Produced in Trichoplusia ni Larvae

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