Distribution of heavy metals in road dust along an urban-rural gradient in Massachusetts

Apeagyei, Eric; Bank, Michael S.; Spengler, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.015

Cited by 410 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These three elements are considered the major elements found in the brake pads and tires of vehicles. The degradation of these items was an important source of particulate heavy metals found in the emissions of these vehicles [1]. The emitted metals might be dispersed and accumulated on plants and in the soil near the roadside.…”

Section: B Sampling Tree and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy metals including Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn are important pollutants in urban areas and their levels are directly related to the number of motor vehicles present [1]; [2]. The most toxic form of heavy metals is likely found to be the atmospheric contaminants either because of the great quantity involved or the widespread dispersion of these contaminants, which may originate from many different exposure pathways [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels of Road Traffic Heavy Metals in Tree Bark Layers of Cassia fistula Tree

Janta¹,

Chantara²,

Inta³

et al. 2016

IJESD

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Abstract-Use of vegetation as a bioindicator of atmospheric heavy metal accumulation has received more attention worldwide due to the fact that this method has been found to be effective, cheap and simple to use. This study aims to find out the levels of heavy metals found in tree bark layers and to test the factors (exposed sides of tree to traffic and size of tree trunk) that affect atmospheric heavy metal accumulation in the bark of Cassia fistula, which is a common tree commonly found along the road sides and planted for shading and decoration. In order to provide the necessary information with regard to using a native tree species as a bioindicator, heavy metals emitted from road traffic including Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were investigated. The results showed that only Cu, Fe and Zn were detected. Their concentrations were highest in the cork layer, decreased in the second (chlorenchyma), third (phloem) layers and increased in the innermost layer (vascular cambium). Heavy metals found on the outer most layer of bark definitely came from atmospheric pollution due to direct exposure to the environment. However, the concentrations in the vascular cambium were higher than in the chlorenchyma and phloem. This is probably due to some diffusion that took place in the xylem, which is connected to the cambium layer. Concerning the factors affecting the heavy metal accumulation in the tree bark, the size of Cassia fistula tree trunks (5 -30 cm) was not significantly correlated (p > 0.05) with the heavy metal concentrations found in the bark. This was also true of the sides of the exposure of the tree in relation to the traffic source. This means that the bark sampling can be done easily without any limitations with regard to the size of tree trunk and direction of exposure.Index Terms-Tree bark, heavy metal, bioindicator, Cassia fistula, atmospheric pollution.

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Section: B Sampling Tree and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Road Traffic Heavy Metals in Tree Bark Layers of Cassia fistula Tree

Janta¹,

Chantara²,

Inta³

et al. 2016

IJESD

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“…The Zn content was not affected significantly between the OCM and UGM sites, since the Zn in the soil is probably originated from vehicular activities. Tyre treads and tyre dust contain significant amounts of Zn (Apeagyei et al, 2011;Dore et al, 2014), thereby it is likely that the contamination of both OCM and UGM soils with Zn is from vehicular activities. The trace elements content in the local coal samples could be arranged in the order: Zn (28.6 mg kg −1 ) > Ni (3.7 mg kg −1 ) > Cu (1.8 mg kg −1 ) > As (0.5 mg kg −1 ) > Cd (0.1 mg kg −1 ) > Cr (0.08 mg kg −1 ).…”

Section: Soil Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of environmental soil quality around Sonepur Bazari mine of Raniganj coalfield, India

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Assessment of soil quality is one of the key parameters for evaluation of environmental contamination in the mining ecosystem. To investigate the effect of coal mining on soil quality, opencast and underground mining sites were selected in the Raniganj coalfield area, India. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the soils, and trace metals and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the soils were evaluated. Soil dehydrogenase (+79 %) and fluorescein (+32 %) activities were significantly higher in underground mine (UGM) soil, whereas peroxidase activity (+57 %) was higher in opencast mine (OCM) soil. Content of As, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb was significantly higher in OCM soil, whereas Cd was higher in UGM. In general, the PAHs contents were higher in UGM soils, probably due to the natural coal burning at these sites. The observed values for the above properties were converted into a unitless score (0-1.00) and the scores were integrated into an environmental soil quality index (ESQI). In the unscreened index (ESQI-1) all the soil parameters were included and the results showed that the quality of the soil was better for UGM (0.539) than the OCM (0.511) soils. Principal component analysis was employed to derive ESQI-2 and accordingly, total PAHs, loss on ignition, bulk density, Be, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, and microbial quotient (respiration: microbial biomass ratio) were found to be the most critical properties. The ESQI-2 was also higher for soils near UGM (+10.1 %). The observed indicators and the ESQI results revealed that soil quality assessment for these coal mining soils is largely depended on soil PAHs and potentially toxic trace metals. The proposed ESQI may be further refined by incorporating specific parameters related to human exposure risks and exposure pathways.

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“…Several prior studies have evaluated the concentration, distribution, pollution potential, and health risks of heavy metals in road dust (Zheng et al, 2010a;Apeagyei et al, 2011). However, most previous research focused on road dust in capital cities or mega-cities which were characterized by dense traffic and overpopulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, North China

Liang

Zhou

2015

J. Geogr. Sci.

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Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration and spatial distribution patterns of 9 potentially toxic heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ni) in road dust in the Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, China. Contamination levels were evaluated using the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor. Human health risks for each heavy metal element were assessed using a human exposure model. Results showed that the dust contained significantly elevated heavy metal elements concentrations compared with the background soil. The spatial distribution pattern of all tested metals except for As coincided with the locations of industrial areas while the spatial distribution of As was associated with domestic sources. The contamination evaluation indicated that Cd, Pb, and Mn in road dust mainly originated from anthropogenic sources with a rating of "heavily polluted" to "extremely polluted," whereas the remaining metals originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources with a level of "moderately polluted". The non-cancer health risk assessment showed that ingestion was the primary exposure route for all metals in the road dust and that Mn, Cr, Pb, and As were the main contributors to non-cancer risks in both children and adults. Higher HI values were calculated for children (HI=1.89), indicating that children will likely experience higher health risks compared with adults (HI=0.23). The cancer risk assessment showed that Cr was the main contributor, with cancer risks which were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those for other metals. Taken in concert, the non-cancer risks posed by all studied heavy metal elements and the cancer risks posed by As, Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni to both children and adults in Bayan Obo Mining Region fell within the acceptable range.

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Distribution of heavy metals in road dust along an urban-rural gradient in Massachusetts

Cited by 410 publications

References 32 publications

Levels of Road Traffic Heavy Metals in Tree Bark Layers of Cassia fistula Tree

Levels of Road Traffic Heavy Metals in Tree Bark Layers of Cassia fistula Tree

Assessment of environmental soil quality around Sonepur Bazari mine of Raniganj coalfield, India

Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, North China

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