Distribution of halogenated phenols including mixed brominated and chlorinated phenols in municipal waste incineration flue gas

A study of kinetic modelling and reaction pathway of 2,4-dichlorophenol transformation by photo-fenton-like oxidation

“…Similarly, upon the exposure of 2,4-D, it is metabolized to 2,4-DCP in bluegill sunfish [3] and in transgenic cotton plants [4]. 2,4-DCP has also been found in disinfected water after chlorination [5], in the incineration flue gas of municipal waste [6], or in pulp and paper effluents [7]. Chlorophenols including 2,4-DCP can be removed by biodegradation [8], adsorption over activated carbon [9], or through papermill sludge [10].…”

Genotoxic effect of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol on P53 gene in zebrafish liver

“…Therefore, to determine whether TCP can induce point mutations in zebrafish p53 genes will help us understand the role of TCP in cancer development. In this study, we demonstrate that TCP exposure in vivo at 5 μg/L, an environmentally relevant concentration [8–11], increases the number of mutated p53 molecules in zebrafish liver. The result implies that TCP might have a role in carcinogenesis by elevating somatic point mutation rates.…”

“…Therefore, although TCP production was discontinued and has not been used in many countries since the 1980s, a recent survey revealed that residual TCP can be found almost everywhere in the environment, including soils, sediments, and natural water, as well as in food and human urine [4–8]. For example, TCP levels were found to be up to 30 μg/L in the Peace and the St. Maurice Rivers in Canada [8,9], at low μxg/g) levels in sediments of Swedish rivers in Europe [8,10], and more than 1.3 μg/L in more than 84% of the urine samples collected from American populations [11].…”

Effects of dissolved gases and pH on sonolysis of 2,4-dichlorophenol

“…The toxicity of 2,4-DCP is higher than 2,4-D as determined by the microtox bioassay [1,2]. 2,4-DCP has also been found in disinfected water after chlorination, in the flue gas of municipal waste incineration [3], or in pulp and paper wastewater [4]. It has been realized that 2,4-DCP may cause some pathological symptoms and changes to endocrine systems of human [5,6].…”