Distribution of genotypes of F-specific RNA bacteriophages in human and non-human sources of faecal pollution in South Africa and Spain

Schaper, Melanie; Jofre, Joan; Uys, Marinda; Grabow, W. O. K.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01600.x

Cited by 91 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(83 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Phages which infect E. coli, Salmonella, Bacteroides and Enterococcus faecalis among others have been isolated directly from human sewage samples or polluted waters. [26][27][28][29][30] A study to determine the occurrence and concentrations of somatic coliphages (phages which infect via the cell membrane) and Bacteroides fragilis phages in the stools of a The aim of this review is to shed light on the potential role that phages may play in human intestinal physiology by examining the literature with respect to phage effects on microbial population dynamics, bacterial chromosome evolution and the host immune system. We consider the phage-host dynamic which occurs in the healthy intestine where microbes may be nutritionally deprived in the lumen.…”

Section: Movers and Shakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Of the four genetic groups which have been identified, groups II and III are much more prevalent in human fecal samples than in animal fecal waste. 29,31,32 In developing a low-cost method for fecal source identification, Ebdon et al 27 reported that phages which infect the strain Bacteroides (GB-124) are specific to human feces. Most recently, a virulent phage which infects the probiotic cheese strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC338 of human intestinal origin was isolated from a sewage sample indicating the potential presence of this and other similar phages in the intestine, 33 ( Fig.…”

Section: Bacteriophage Abundance and Diversity In The Human Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 It has been estimated that approximately 10 8 -10 9 tonnes of carbon are released per day from the biological pool as a consequence of ~10 29 The human intestinal microbiota is one of the most densely populated ecosystems on earth, containing up to 10 13 bacteria/g and in some respects can be considered an organ itself given its role in human health. Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant replicating entities on the planet and thrive wherever their bacterial hosts exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Movers and shakers

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Movers and Shakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacteriophage Abundance and Diversity In The Human Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Movers and shakers

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…GI and GIV have been found predominantly associated with animal feces and GII and GIII in human sources of fecal contamination (Osawa et al, 1981;Schaper et al, 2002). Fecal origin has been differentiated on the basis of human and non-human sources using principle coordinate analysis of the FRNA coliphage genotypes present in a particular sample (Lee et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-based evaluation of a male-specific (F+) RNA coliphage concentration method

Chandler

Pérez-Méndez

Paar

et al. 2017

Journal of Virological Methods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tFecal contamination of water poses a significant risk to public health due to the potential presence of pathogens, including enteric viruses. Therefore, sensitive, reliable and easy to use methods for the concentration, detection and quantification of microorganisms associated with the safety and quality of water are needed. In this study, we performed a field evaluation of an anion exchange resin-based method to concentrate male-specific (F + ) RNA coliphages (FRNA), fecal indicator organisms, from diverse environmental waters that were suspected to be contaminated with feces. In this system, FRNA coliphages are adsorbed to anion exchange resin and direct nucleic acid isolation is performed, yielding a sample amenable to real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR detection. Matrix-dependent inhibition of this method was evaluated using known quantities of spiked FRNA coliphages belonging to four genogroups (GI, GII, GII and GIV). RT-PCR-based detection was successful in 97%, 72%, 85% and 98% of the samples spiked (10 6 pfu/l) with GI, GII, GIII and GIV, respectively. Differential FRNA coliphage genogroup detection was linked to inhibitors that altered RT-PCR assay efficiency. No association between inhibition and the physicochemical properties of the water samples was apparent. Additionally, the anion exchange resin method facilitated detection of naturally present FRNA coliphages in 40 of 65 environmental water samples (61.5%), demonstrating the viability of this system to concentrate FRNA coliphages from water.

show abstract

“…The male-specific F-RNA phages have been classified into four groups based on their phylogenetic diversity and it has been reported that groups 1 and 4 occurred in animal wastewater while groups 2 and 3 usually predominated in human wastewater (Osawa et al, 1981;Havelaar et al, 1986;Furuse, 1987;Havelaar et al, 1990;Hsu et Sinton et al, 1998;Schaper and Jofre, 2000;Schaper et al, 2002;Scott et al, 2002;Cole et al, 2003;Vinje et al, 2004). Hsu et al (1995) and Beekwilder et al (1996) developed gene probes for the detection of 4 F-RNA subgroups by identifying stretches of 20 to 30 nucleotides that showed complete conservation within one subgroup while being absent from other subgroups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies to distinguish between human and animal faecal pollution using F-RNA coliphages and faecal sterols

Sundram¹,

Jumanlal²,

Ehlers³

2009

WSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human enteric viral infections are considered to be predominantly associated with human wastes, as opposed to animal wastes, and a distinction between these has benefits for water quality control and risk assessment. A variety of techniques have been described to distinguish between human and animal faecal pollution of water. F-RNA (male-specific) coliphages have been classified into four sero-groups and evidence has been presented that two of these sero-groups are specific for human excreta and the other two for animal excreta. Certain chemical compounds such as the faecal sterols cholesterol and coprostanol yielded valuable results in attempts to distinguish between faecal pollution of human and animal origin.In this study the application of F-RNA coliphages and faecal sterols to distinction between human and animal excreta has been investigated. Faecal sterols were extracted from water and analysed by gas chromatography using published methods that were adapted for the detection and quantification of cholesterol and coprostanol. Wastewater containing predominantly animal excreta was collected from cattle, pig and chicken feedlots. Wastewater containing predominantly human excreta was collected from hospitals.Results revealed that F-RNA coliphages isolated from wastewater from four different hospitals consisted almost exclusively of genotypes 2 and 3. Only F-RNA coliphage genotypes 1 and 4 were detected in all three wastewater samples from cattle feedlots, while F-RNA coliphage genotypes 1, 3 and 4 were detected in all three chicken feedlot wastewater samples. Five wastewater samples from pig feedlots contained typically F-RNA coliphage genotypes 3 and 4.Cholesterol and coprostanol were detected in ranges of 28 to 1 013 µg/ℓ and 19 to 1 441 µg/ℓ in wastewater, respectively. Coprostanol concentrations were more than double the cholesterol concentration in wastewaters from hospitals and pig feedlots in the five samples analysed. The opposite applied to wastewater from cattle and chicken feedlots, where cholesterol concentrations in all seven samples were higher than coprostanol concentrations. Analysis of wastewater from a poultry feedlot yielded a high cholesterol:coprostanol ratio and the presence of predominantly F-RNA coliphage genotype 4, confirming the specificity of these determinants for animal wastes.The results of this study confirmed earlier reports on the specificity of F-RNA coliphage genotypes 1 and 4 for animal wastes, and genotypes 2 and 3 for human excreta, in a part of the world where investigations using these methods are limited. The same applies to the higher ratio of coprostanol: cholesterol in human excreta, and the higher ratio of cholesterol: coprostanol in animal excreta. The observations suggested that further optimisation of applying these indicators in combination may lead to the development of procedures for the meaningful distinction between faecal pollution of human and animal origin in quantitative terms.

show abstract

Distribution of genotypes of F-specific RNA bacteriophages in human and non-human sources of faecal pollution in South Africa and Spain

Abstract: This study contributes greatly to understanding the usefulness of genotypes of F-specific RNA bacteriophages in source tracking of faecal wastes.

Cited by 91 publications

References 31 publications

Movers and shakers

Movers and shakers

Field-based evaluation of a male-specific (F+) RNA coliphage concentration method

Studies to distinguish between human and animal faecal pollution using F-RNA coliphages and faecal sterols

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About