Distribution of GAP-43 mRNA in the immature and adult cerebellum: a role for GAP-43 in cerebellar development and neuroplasticity

Console-Bram, Linda; Fitzpatrick-McElligott, S; McElligott, James G.

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(96)00079-x

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Uninjured Purkinje cells do not show B-50/GAP-43 expression either during development (Oestreicher and Gispen, 1986;Console-Bram et al, 1996) or in adulthood (Oestreicher and Gispen, 1986;Meberg and Routtenberg, 1991;Kruger et al, 1993;Baürle et al, 1994;Console-Bram et al, 1996). However, it is not known whether B-50/GAP-43 can be upregulated in adult Purkinje cells after axon injury or transplantation of growthpromoting tissues.…”

Section: B-50/gap-43 Expression In Intact and Injured Wild-type Mousementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Overexpression of the Neurite Growth-Associated Protein B-50/GAP-43 in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Induces Sprouting after Axotomy But Not Axon Regeneration into Growth-Permissive Transplants

et al. 1997

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B-50/GAP-43 is a nervous tissue-specific protein, the expression of which is associated with axon growth and regeneration. Its overexpression in transgenic mice produces spontaneous axonal sprouting and enhances induced remodeling in several neuron populations (Aigner et al., 1995;Holtmaat et al., 1995). We examined the capacity of this protein to increase the regenerative potential of injured adult central axons, by inducing targeted B-50/GAP-43 overexpression in Purkinje cells, which normally show poor regenerative capabilities. Thus, transgenic mice were produced in which B-50/GAP-43 overexpression was driven by the Purkinje cell-specific L7 promoter. Uninjured transgenic Purkinje cells displayed normal morphology, indicating that transgene expression does not modify the normal phenotype of these neurons. By contrast, after axotomy numerous transgenic Purkinje cells exhibited profuse sprouting along the axon and at its severed end. Nevertheless, despite these growth phenomena, which never occurred in wild-type mice, the severed transgenic axons were not able to regenerate, either spontaneously or into embryonic neural or Schwann cell grafts placed into the lesion site. Finally, although only a moderate Purkinje cell loss occurred in wild-type cerebella after axotomy, a considerable number of injured transgenic neurons degenerated, but they could be partially rescued by the different transplants placed into the lesion site. Thus, B-50/GAP-43 overexpression substantially modifies Purkinje cell response to axotomy, by inducing growth processes and decreasing their resistance to injury. However, the presence of this protein is not sufficient to enable these neurons to accomplish a full program of axon regeneration.

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Section: B-50/gap-43 Expression In Intact and Injured Wild-type Mousementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Overexpression of the Neurite Growth-Associated Protein B-50/GAP-43 in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Induces Sprouting after Axotomy But Not Axon Regeneration into Growth-Permissive Transplants

et al. 1997

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“…S3H, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). Growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is expressed in differentiating neurons and cerebellar precursors (Console-Bram et al, 1996). In the adult zebrafish, GAP-43 staining was seen in proliferating migrating cells and in the granule cells ( Fig.…”

Section: The Adult Cerebellar Stem Cell Niche Expresses Rhombic Lip Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cells in the Adult Zebrafish Cerebellum: Initiation and Maintenance of a Novel Stem Cell Niche

Kaslin¹,

Ganz²,

Geffarth³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

186

278

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In the adult CNS, neurogenesis takes place in special niches. It is not understood how these niches are formed during development and how they are maintained. In contrast to mammals, stem cell niches are abundant in zebrafish and also found in other parts of the brain than telencephalon. To understand common characteristics of neural stem cell niches in vertebrates, we studied the origin and architecture of a previously unknown stem cell niche using transgenic lines, in vivo imaging, and marker analysis. We show that bipotent stem cells are maintained in a distinct niche in the adult zebrafish cerebellum. Remarkably, the stem cells are not typical glia but instead retain neuroepithelial characteristics. The cerebellar stem cell niche is generated by the coordinated displacement of ventricle and rhombic lip progenitors in a two-step process involving morphogenetic movements and tissue growth. Importantly, the niche and its stem cells still remain in ventricular contact through a previously unknown derivative of the ventricle. Factors propagated in the ventricle are thought to be important regulators of stem cell activity. To test the requirements of one family of important factors, Fibroblast growth factors, we used zebrafish with an inducible dominant-negative Fgf receptor. Inhibition of Fgf signaling leads to significant reduction of stem cell activity. In contrast to the predominant view, adult neural stem cells in nonmammalian vertebrates show more neuroepithelial than glial characteristics. Nevertheless, retained epithelial properties such as distinct polarization and ventricular contact are critical common determinants to maintain neural stem cell activity in vertebrates.

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“…59 By PND21, GAP-43 mRNA expression is localized to the internal granule layer and the inferior olive, with minimal to no hybridization in the deep cerebellar nuclei and none in the molecular layer (similar to the adult). 59 In the auditory brainstem, high levels of GAP-43 protein are evident in all subdivisions of the cochlear nuclear complex and the superior olivary complex at PND0. 60 Between PND8 and PND12, the GAP-43 staining pattern in these regions became punctate, indicating the formation of presynaptic endings.…”

Section: Relationship To Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58 In the cerebellum, GAP-43 mRNA expression appears to be critical in granule cell differentiation/migration and in parallel and climbing fiber axonal outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 59 During development, cerebellar GAP-43 mRNA expression increases from birth to postnatal day (PND)7, then gradually declines during maturation. 59 By PND21, GAP-43 mRNA expression is localized to the internal granule layer and the inferior olive, with minimal to no hybridization in the deep cerebellar nuclei and none in the molecular layer (similar to the adult).…”

Section: Relationship To Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59 During development, cerebellar GAP-43 mRNA expression increases from birth to postnatal day (PND)7, then gradually declines during maturation. 59 By PND21, GAP-43 mRNA expression is localized to the internal granule layer and the inferior olive, with minimal to no hybridization in the deep cerebellar nuclei and none in the molecular layer (similar to the adult). 59 In the auditory brainstem, high levels of GAP-43 protein are evident in all subdivisions of the cochlear nuclear complex and the superior olivary complex at PND0.…”

Section: Relationship To Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GAP-43 in synaptic plasticity: molecular perspectives

Holahan¹

2015

RRBC

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Abstract:The growth-associated protein, GAP-43 (also known as F1, neuromodulin, B-50), participates in the developmental regulation of axonal growth and neural network formation via protein kinase C-mediated regulation of cytoskeletal elements. Transgenic overexpression of GAP-43 can result in the formation of new synapses, neurite outgrowth, and synaptogenesis after injury. In a number of adult mammalian species, GAP-43 has been implicated in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity, such as long-term potentiation, drug sensitization, and changes in memory processes. This review examines the molecular and biochemical attributes of GAP-43, its distribution in the central nervous system, subcellular localization, role in neurite outgrowth and development, and functions related to plasticity, such as those occurring during long-term potentiation, memory formation, and drug sensitization.

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Distribution of GAP-43 mRNA in the immature and adult cerebellum: a role for GAP-43 in cerebellar development and neuroplasticity

Cited by 37 publications

References 69 publications

Targeted Overexpression of the Neurite Growth-Associated Protein B-50/GAP-43 in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Induces Sprouting after Axotomy But Not Axon Regeneration into Growth-Permissive Transplants

Targeted Overexpression of the Neurite Growth-Associated Protein B-50/GAP-43 in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Induces Sprouting after Axotomy But Not Axon Regeneration into Growth-Permissive Transplants

Stem Cells in the Adult Zebrafish Cerebellum: Initiation and Maintenance of a Novel Stem Cell Niche

GAP-43 in synaptic plasticity: molecular perspectives

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