Distribution of Four Potential Transmitter Amino Acids in Monkey Retina

Berger, Sosamma J.; McDaniel, Michael L.; Carter, Joyce G.; Lowry, Oliver H.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb07721.x

Cited by 68 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The data are in good agreement with earlier biochemical studies, which have demonstrated the presence of these amino acids in the ventral horn of the mammalian spinal cord (e.g., Graham et al, 1967;Johnston, 1968;Miyata and Otsuka, 1975;Berger et al, 1977).…”

Section: Methodological Aspectssupporting

confidence: 92%

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive nerve terminals on motoneuron cell bodies in the cat spinal cord: A postembedding electron microscopic study

et al. 1996

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The distribution of glycine- and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactivity (LI) in nerve terminals on the cell soma of motoneurons in the aldehyde-fixed cat L7 spinal cord was examined using postembedding immunogold histochemistry in serial ultrathin sections. Quantitative examination of 405 terminals on eight neurons of alpha-motoneuron size in the L7 motor nuclei from one animal was performed. A majority of the terminals (69%) were immunoreactive to glycine and/or GABA. These terminals contained flat or oval synaptic vesicles, thus classifying them as F type or as C type in one case. In no case was a type-F terminal unlabeled for both glycine and GABA. Most of the immunolabeled terminals were immunoreactive to glycine only (62.5%), whereas 35.4% contained both glycine- and GABA-LI. A very small number of immunolabeled terminals (2%) were immunoreactive to GABA only. In those terminals, where glycine- and GABA-LI coexisted, the gold particle density for each amino acid was only half of that seen in boutons containing only one of the two amino acids. The involvement of glycine and GABA in postsynaptic inhibition of spinal alpha-motoneurons is discussed, with particular reference to the possibility that these two inhibitory amino acids may be coreleased from a significant proportion of the nerve terminals impinging on the cell bodies.

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Section: Methodological Aspectssupporting

confidence: 92%

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive nerve terminals on motoneuron cell bodies in the cat spinal cord: A postembedding electron microscopic study

et al. 1996

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“…Distribution of GAD (0) and GABA (0) in monkey retina. The GABA data are from a previous paper (Berger et al, 1977). The levels are averages from the data of Table 1.…”

Section: Gaba-tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unusually high levels of GABA are found in several of the inner layers of retinas from rabbit (Kuriyama et al, 1968;Dick and Lowry, 1984), frog (Graham, 1972), and monkey (Berger et al, 1977), and indirect evidence indicates that the same is true for rat (Macaione, 1972) and mouse (Cohen et al, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Three Enzymes of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Metabolism in Monkey Retina

Pusateri

Carter

Berger

et al. 1984

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The distributions of glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15), gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.24) were determined in monkey retina. The decarboxylase was almost restricted to the inner plexiform layer. The transaminase was also highest in this layer, but activities were 40% as high in the adjacent third of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell and fiber layers. Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase was distributed very differently. Although it also showed a peak of activity in the inner plexiform layer, there was a second equal peak in the photoreceptor inner segment layer and a smaller peak in the outer plexiform layer, regions where both gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase and glutamate decarboxylase were essentially absent.

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“…In the inner retina, Lglutamate and L-aspartate have potent excitatory effects on ganglion cells (Ames & Pollen 1969;Ikeda & Sheardown, 1982). Both of these agents have been localized to the inner plexiform and ganglion cell layers (Berger, McDaniel, Carter & Lowry, 1977), and aspartate aminotransferase immunoreactivity has been demonstrated within certain amacrine cells (Altschuler, Mosinger, Harmison, Parakkal & Wenthald, 1981). However, the pharmacological identity of excitatory amino acid transmission in the inner retina has not been definitely established, in part due to the difficulty of assessing the direct effects of drugs on ganglion cells in the whole retina (Bloomfield & Dowling, 1985b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses mediated by excitatory amino acid receptors in solitary retinal ganglion cells from rat.

Aizenman

Frosch

Lipton

1988

The Journal of Physiology

130

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SUMMARY1. The pharmacological properties of excitatory amino acid responses on ganglion cells dissociated from the rat retina were examined with the use of the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique.2. L-Glutamate at a concentration of 50 ,UM produced inward non-desensitizing currents at negative holding potentials in nearly every cell tested (83%, n = 18) In physiological solutions, L-glutamate responses reversed at approximately -9 mV, and higher concentrations of this agonist introduced a desensitizing component to the response.3. At negative holding potentials, kainate (25-125 ,uM) produced inward currents in all of the cells tested (n = 37). These currents never desensitized, even at high agonist concentrations, and reversed near -6 mV. Currents induced by 50 /tM-kainate were reversibly antagonized by kynurenate (100-300 ,PM) but not by 100 ,tm-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV).4. Quisqualate generated smaller, non-desensitizing currents in only 50 % of the cells tested (n = 38). Quisqualate responses reversed in polarity near -4 mV and were maximal at an agonist dose of 25 PM, with higher concentrations introducing a rapidly desensitizing component without a detectable increase in amplitude. Currents produced by quisqualate at a concentration of 50 ,UM were not antagonized by either 750 jtM-kynurenate or 100 1sM-APV.5. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) produced inward currents at negative holding potentials in 68% of the cells tested (n = 31), but only when magnesium was excluded from the extracellular medium. NMDA currents were non-desensitizing at agonist concentrations of up to 200 PM, with higher concentrations introducing a rapidly desensitizing component. NMDA (200 PM) responses were blocked by APV (100 uM) and kynurenate (300 PM) and reversed near -1 mV.6. Responses generated by kainate (50-125 PM) were antagonized by quisqualate (30-250 uM

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Distribution of Four Potential Transmitter Amino Acids in Monkey Retina

Cited by 68 publications

References 19 publications

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive nerve terminals on motoneuron cell bodies in the cat spinal cord: A postembedding electron microscopic study

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive nerve terminals on motoneuron cell bodies in the cat spinal cord: A postembedding electron microscopic study

Distribution of Three Enzymes of γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Metabolism in Monkey Retina

Responses mediated by excitatory amino acid receptors in solitary retinal ganglion cells from rat.

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