Distribution of Forms of Nitrogen and Carbon in Some Soil Profiles

Vlassak, K.; Verstraeten, L. M. J.; Livens, J.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196909000-00007

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The most commonly used method was to reflux with 6 M HCl at 1168C for 16 h (Campbell et al, 1967;Collins et al, 2000;Follett et al, 1997;Haile-Mariam et al, 2000;Jenkinson and Rayner, 1977;Paul 1974a, 1974b;Martel and LaSalle, 1977;McLauchlan and Hobbie, 2004;Paul et al, 1997Paul et al, , 2001a. Some studies used 6 M HCl at 968C (Plante et al, 2006) or 1008C (Tan et al, 2004), while one study refluxed soil in 2 M H 2 SO 4 at 1168C (Vlassak et al, 1969). Consistent differences were observed based on the method used (P , 0.001), but in all cases, the amount of NHC was strongly correlated to the amount of total SOC (Fig.…”

Section: Results Obtained With Hydrolysis-incubation Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Also, the literature did not report enough data at deeper depths in no-till plots to ascertain depth effects in that treatment. 16 h at 116°C (data from Campbell et al, 1967;Collins et al, 2000;Follett et al, 1997;Haile-Mariam et al, 2000;Jenkinson and Rayner, 1977;Paul, 1974a, 1974b;Martel and LaSalle, 1977;McLauchlan and Hobbie, 2004;Morris et al, 2006, unpublished data;Paul et al, 1997Paul et al, , 2001aPaul et al, , 2001b; (b) 6 M HCl for 18 h at 96°C (Plante et al, 2006); (c) 6 M HCl for 18 h at 100°C (Tan et al, 2004); and (d) 2 M H 2 SO 4 for 4 h (Vlassak et al, 1969).…”

Section: Results Obtained With Hydrolysis-incubation Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the Acid Hydrolysis–Incubation Method Measure Meaningful Soil Organic Carbon Pools?

Paul

Morris²,

Conant

et al. 2006

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

203

145

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The literature was reviewed and analyzed to determine the feasibility of using a combination of acid hydrolysis and CO 2 -C release during long-term incubation to determine soil organic carbon (SOC) pool sizes and mean residence times (MRTs). Analysis of 1100 data points showed the SOC remaining after hydrolysis with 6 M HCl ranged from 30 to 80% of the total SOC depending on soil type, depth, texture, and management. Nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC) in conventional till soils represented 48% of SOC; no-till averaged 56%, forest 55%, and grassland 56%. Carbon dates showed an average of 1200 yr greater MRT for the NHC fraction than total SOC. Longterm incubation, involving measurement of CO 2 evolution and curve fitting, measured active and slow pools. Active-pool C comprised 2 to 8% of the SOC with MRTs of days to months; the slow pool comprised 45 to 65% of the SOC and had MRTs of 10 to 80 yr. Comparison of field 14 C and 13 C data with hydrolysis-incubation data showed a high correlation between independent techniques across soil types and experiments. There were large differences in MRTs depending on the length of the experiment. Insertion of hydrolysisincubation derived estimates of active (C a ), slow (C s ), and resistant pools (C r ) into the DAYCENT model provided estimates of daily field CO 2 evolution rates. These were well correlated with field CO 2 measurements. Although not without some interpretation problems, acid hydrolysis-laboratory incubation is useful for determining SOC pools and fluxes especially when used in combination with associated measurements. SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (SOM) is a complex mixture of plant-and microbiologically-derived compounds (Stevenson, 1994). Fractionation schemes have been employed to (i) isolate meaningful pools that provide information on C and nutrient cycling; (ii) test hypotheses on soil formation and ecosystem functioning; (iii) relate SOM characteristics to soil management and global change; and (iv) aid in developing models describing SOM dynamics. Observed differences in MRTs from months to centuries to millennia for different SOM fractions prompted the development of models with multiple soil C pools with differing MRTs (Jenkinson and Rayner, 1977;Van Veen and Paul, 1981;Parton et al., 1987). To date, no single biological, physical, or chemical fractionation technique has been developed that adequately describes the continuum of SOC that exists in nature. Mismatches between measurements of 14 C-labeled plant materials using three size-density fractions and model outputs have been identified (Magid et al., 1996). Motavalli et al. (1994) and Smith et al. (2002) were not successful in their attempts to equate the active pool to microbial biomass plus soluble C fraction or the light fraction. Similar problems were found when attempts were made to equate the size of the slow pool in models with the particulate organic matter fraction (Metherell et al., 1995). However, more recent work investigating free and aggregate-associated SOC has produced more promising ...

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Section: Results Obtained With Hydrolysis-incubation Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Results Obtained With Hydrolysis-incubation Acid Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Acid Hydrolysis–Incubation Method Measure Meaningful Soil Organic Carbon Pools?

Paul

Morris²,

Conant

et al. 2006

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

203

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Nitrogen availability, local light regime and leaf rank effects on the amount and sources of N allocated within the foliage of young walnut (Juglans nigra x regia) trees

Frak¹,

Roux²,

Millard³

et al. 2006

Tree Physiology

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Early season leaf growth depends largely on nitrogen (N) provided by remobilization from storage, and many studies have tested the effect of N availability to roots on the amount of N provided for new leaf development by remobilization. Although it is well known that the light regime experienced by a leaf influences the amount of N per unit leaf area (LA), the effect of the local light regime on the amount of N derived either directly from root uptake or from remobilization for early season leaf growth has never been tested at an intra- canopy scale. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative importance of (1) N availability to roots, (2) local light regime experienced by the foliage (at the shoot scale) and (3) leaf rank along the shoot, on the total amount of N allocated to leaves and on the proportions of N provided by remobilization and root uptake. To quantify the importance of N uptake and remobilization as sources of leaf N, potted hybrid walnut trees (Juglans nigra L. x regia L.) were grown outdoors in sand and fed with a labeled ((15)N) nutrient solution. By removing the apical bud, the trees were manipulated to produce only two shoots. The experimental design had two factors: (1) high (HN; 8 mol N m(-3)) and low (LN; 2 mol N m(-3)) N availability; and (2) high (HL; 90% of incident photosynthetically active photon flux (PPF)) and low (LL; 10% of incident PPF) light. Total leaf N per tree was unaffected by either N availability or irradiance. The HN treatment increased the amount of leaf N derived from root uptake at the whole-tree scale (typically around 8 and 2% in the HN and LN treatments, respectively). Nitrogen allocation within foliage of individual trees was controlled by the local light regime, which strongly affected individual leaf characteristics as leaf mass per unit LA and area- based amount of leaf (N(a)). Decreasing the light availability to a branch decreased the amount of N allocated to it, benefiting the less shaded branches. In contrast, shading of the lower branch did not affect the fraction of total leaf N remobilized for either the lower, shaded branch or the upper, unshaded branch. The relevance of these findings for tree growth modeling is discussed.

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Paired prairie and cultivated soils: soluble organics and nitrogen dynamics

DeLuca

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Distribution of Forms of Nitrogen and Carbon in Some Soil Profiles

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Does the Acid Hydrolysis–Incubation Method Measure Meaningful Soil Organic Carbon Pools?

Does the Acid Hydrolysis–Incubation Method Measure Meaningful Soil Organic Carbon Pools?

Nitrogen availability, local light regime and leaf rank effects on the amount and sources of N allocated within the foliage of young walnut (Juglans nigra x regia) trees

Paired prairie and cultivated soils: soluble organics and nitrogen dynamics

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