Distribution of five peptides, three general neuroendocrine markers, and two synaptic‐vesicle‐associated proteins in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the adult and newborn dog: An immunocytochemical study

Bonfanti, Luca; Bellardi, Sergio; Ghidella, S; Gobetto, A; Polak, Julia M.; Merighi, Adalberto

doi:10.1002/aja.1001910203

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The spinal cord, an important site for processing of nociceptive input and integration of sensorimotor functions, contains a number of neuroactive peptides. These peptides are believed to participate in processing of sensory information and regulation of visceral or skeletal functions (Bonfanti et al., 1991; Ren and Ruda, 1994; Kobayashi et al., 2004; Marsala et al., 2004). Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity has been localized upon various neurones and fibres of the spinal cord (Gibson et al., 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calbindin D‐28k, Parvalbumin and Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Immunoreactivity in the Canine Spinal Cord

Chang

Kim²,

Lee

et al. 2008

Anat Histol Embryol

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This study was conducted as a comparative analysis of the immunohistochemical localization of calbindin D-28k, parvalbumin and the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the cervical through the sacral spinal cord of mongrel dogs, to reveal any distinct patterns of distribution and possible involvement in spinal processing. In laminae I and II of the substantia gelatinosa, both calbindin D-28k and CGRP showed strong immunoreactivity, with calbindin D-28k being positive in both cells and fibres, while CGRP was positive in fibres only. Parvalbumin and CGRP immunoreactive cells were widely distributed in various nuclei and lower motor neurones in the ventromedial horn. In addition, the lower motor neurones expressed CGRP as well as parvalbumin, but not calbindin D-28k. These results are generally consistent with previous reports, and the co-localization of parvalbumin and CGRP may explain the functional improvement of lower motor neuron disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calbindin D‐28k, Parvalbumin and Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Immunoreactivity in the Canine Spinal Cord

Chang

Kim²,

Lee

et al. 2008

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…They include facet joint capsules, ligaments and dorsal root ganglia as well as periosteum, vertebral endplates, meninges and intervertebral discs. These structures have been studied in various species such as man, rabbit, rat and dog (Bonfanti et al., 1991; McCarthy et al., 1991; Ahmed et al., 1993; Yamashita et al., 1993; Cavanaugh et al., 1995; McCarthy, 1998). To date, however, knowledge about the presence of nerve fibres in the intervertebral disc of the dog relied on silver impregnation methods only (Forsythe and Ghoshal, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Innervation in the Dog

Willenegger¹,

Frieß²,

Lang

et al. 2005

Anat Histol Embryol

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Low back pain is a common ailment in dogs, particularly in specific breeds such as the German shepherd dog. A number of structures such as facet joint capsules, ligaments, dorsal root ganglia, periosteum, vertebral endplates and meninges have been associated with this condition. Yet, in spite of all diagnostic efforts, the origin of pain remains obscure in a substantial proportion of all cases. A further structure often being involved in vertebral column disorders is the intervertebral disc. The presence of nerves, however, is a precondition for pain sensation and, consequently, structures lacking innervation can be left out of consideration as a cause for low back pain. Nerve fibres have been demonstrated at the periphery of the intervertebral disc in man, rabbit and rat. With regard to the dog, however, the extent of intervertebral disc innervation is still being disputed. The goal of the present study, therefore, was to substantiate and expand current knowledge of intervertebral disc innervation. Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 was used for immunohistochemical examination of serial transversal and sagittal paraffin sections of lumbar discs from adult dogs. This general marker revealed nerve fibres to be confined to the periphery of the intervertebral discs. These results indicate that even limited pathological processes affecting the outer layers of the intervertebral disc are prone to cause low back pain.

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“…In addition, the isolectin-B4 (IB4) from the plant griffonia simplicifolia binds selectively to relatively small DRG neurons that are associated with the group C afferent fibers involving largely in conduction of thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli [28,29]. CGRP expression in the spinal cord and DRG has been demonstrated in a variety of mammalian species, including nonhuman primates and humans [25,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Also, levels of CGRP mRNA and protein are elevated in the DRG and dorsal horn in a number of acute adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain models [34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several neuropeptides, including substance P and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), are also important for neuronal modulation in the primary spinal sensory pathway, including pain processing [25][26][27]. In addition, the isolectin-B4 (IB4) from the plant griffonia simplicifolia binds selectively to relatively small DRG neurons that are associated with the group C afferent fibers involving largely in conduction of thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal expression of purinergic receptor P2X3 in human dorsal root ganglion

Pan

et al. 2011

Purinergic Signalling

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The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is consisted of neurons that relay multiple types of spinal sensory stimuli to the central nervous system. Several neuroactive molecules may be involved in sensory modulation especially pain processing at the DRG, including the purinergic receptor P2X3 and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP). P2X3 receptor has been considered a promising pharmaceutical target for the development of new pain medicine. Currently, litter is known about the expression of P2X3 in the human DRG. The present study characterized the localization of P2X3 in prenatal human DRG obtained from fetuses at 4-8 gestational months, by comparing to CGRP expression as well as binding pattern of isolectin-B4 (IB4), a marker of small DRG neurons presumably relevant to nociception. P2X3 immunoreactivity (IR) appeared in most neuron-like perikarya, with their numerical density reduced during the gestational period studied. P2X3 IR was co-labeled very commonly with IB4 binding and infrequently with CGRP IR and was not colocalized with IR for the gliocyte marker glutamine synthetase. Together, the data show an early and broad expression of P2X3 in prenatal human DRG neurons, pointing to a biological role of purinergic signaling during the development of spinal sensory system.

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Distribution of five peptides, three general neuroendocrine markers, and two synaptic‐vesicle‐associated proteins in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the adult and newborn dog: An immunocytochemical study

Cited by 16 publications

References 89 publications

Calbindin D‐28k, Parvalbumin and Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Immunoreactivity in the Canine Spinal Cord

Calbindin D‐28k, Parvalbumin and Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Immunoreactivity in the Canine Spinal Cord

Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Innervation in the Dog

Prenatal expression of purinergic receptor P2X3 in human dorsal root ganglion

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