Distribution of eye position information in the monkey inferior colliculus

Bulkin, David A.

doi:10.1152/jn.00662.2011

Cited by 31 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This spatiotemporal pattern of spikes continues to encode relevant features of the stimulus but is also powerfully modulated by non-sensory factors such as emotion, learning, attention and motor planning [3, 6, 7, 27–31]. While the neural circuitry for extrasensory modulation is exquisite and comparatively well understood in sensory neocortex [9, 12, 20, 25, 32–36], additional modulatory networks in the thalamus [37] or midbrain [38] could provide a means for rapid and flexible adjustments of subcortical auditory [23, 39–41] and visual [10, 42, 43] processing depending on task demands, attentional load and learning. Here, for example, we report reduced visually evoked responses in LG that nevertheless more accurately encode inter-flash interval when visual inputs are relevant to solving the behavioral task compared to when they are a distraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion and Task Demands Differentially Modulate Thalamic Audiovisual Processing during Active Search

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Active search is a ubiquitous goal-driven behavior wherein organisms purposefully investigate the sensory environment to locate a target object. During active search, brain circuits analyze a stream of sensory information from the external environment, adjusting for internal signals related to self-generated movement or “top-down” weighting of anticipated target and distractor properties. Sensory responses in the cortex can be modulated by internal state [1–9], though the extent and form of modulation arising in the cortex de novo versus an inheritance from subcortical stations is not clear [4, 8–12]. We addressed this question by simultaneously recording from auditory and visual regions of the thalamus (MG and LG, respectively) while mice used dynamic auditory or visual feedback to search for a hidden target within an annular track. Locomotion was associated with strongly suppressed responses and reduced decoding accuracy in MG but a subtle increase in LG spiking. Because stimuli in one modality provided critical information about target location while the other served as a distractor, we could also estimate the importance of task relevance in both thalamic subdivisions. In contrast to the effects of locomotion, we found that LG responses were reduced overall yet decoded stimuli more accurately when vision was behaviorally relevant, whereas task relevance had little effect on MG responses. This double dissociation between the influences of task relevance and movement in MG and LG highlights a role for extrasensory modulation in the thalamus but also suggests key differences in the organization of modulatory circuitry between the auditory and visual pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotion and Task Demands Differentially Modulate Thalamic Audiovisual Processing during Active Search

et al. 2015

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“…Additionally, eye position sensitivity appeared to be more common among neurons insensitive to sound location (up to 32% for sound location sensitive units and 56% for insensitive units; Porter et al, 2006), suggesting somewhat segregated subpopulations for eye position and sound location sensitive units in the IC. Eye position sensitivity has also been found for vertical eye positions (Zwiers et al, 2004; Bulkin and Groh, 2012a), as well as during both task-related and spontaneous fixations, and with or without the presence of a concurrent sound stimulus (Porter et al, 2006; Bulkin and Groh, 2012a). Collectively, these results indicate that eye position signals are an important aspect of IC processing and are separable from signals related to head-centered sound location, vision, and eye movements.…”

Section: Non-auditory Influences On Neural Activity In Icmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The location of eye position sensitive cells within the IC was recently mapped in detail (Bulkin and Groh, 2012a) with respect to the functional response map previously described (Bulkin and Groh, 2011; see the section on “Vision and oculomotor influences,” and Figure 2). Eye position sensitivity was found throughout the IC, but the proportions varied according to the functional response patterns of the recording site.…”

Section: Non-auditory Influences On Neural Activity In Icmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sounds and beyond: multisensory and other non-auditory signals in the inferior colliculus

Gruters¹,

Groh²

2012

Front. Neural Circuits

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105

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The inferior colliculus (IC) is a major processing center situated mid-way along both the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the brain stem. Although it is fundamentally an auditory area, the IC also receives anatomical input from non-auditory sources. Neurophysiological studies corroborate that non-auditory stimuli can modulate auditory processing in the IC and even elicit responses independent of coincident auditory stimulation. In this article, we review anatomical and physiological evidence for multisensory and other non-auditory processing in the IC. Specifically, the contributions of signals related to vision, eye movements and position, somatosensation, and behavioral context to neural activity in the IC will be described. These signals are potentially important for localizing sound sources, attending to salient stimuli, distinguishing environmental from self-generated sounds, and perceiving and generating communication sounds. They suggest that the IC should be thought of as a node in a highly interconnected sensory, motor, and cognitive network dedicated to synthesizing a higher-order auditory percept rather than simply reporting patterns of air pressure detected by the cochlea. We highlight some of the potential pitfalls that can arise from experimental manipulations that may disrupt the normal function of this network, such as the use of anesthesia or the severing of connections from cortical structures that project to the IC. Finally, we note that the presence of these signals in the IC has implications for our understanding not just of the IC but also of the multitude of other regions within and beyond the auditory system that are dependent on signals that pass through the IC. Whatever the IC “hears” would seem to be passed both “upward” to thalamus and thence to auditory cortex and beyond, as well as “downward” via centrifugal connections to earlier areas of the auditory pathway such as the cochlear nucleus.

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“…Binaural cue discrimination is also enhanced if subjects look toward the sound while keeping their head still [72 ], adding to the physiological evidence that eye position signals can modulate activity in the auditory system [73]. Another recent study failed to find an effect of eye position on human auditory cortical responses, but did show that responses to task-irrelevant sounds can be influenced by transient changes in attended visual stimuli that predict the timing of sound onset [74].…”

Section: Visual Influences On Auditory Spatial Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound localization in a changing world

Keating

King

2015

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

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In natural environments, neural systems must be continuously updated to reflect changes in sensory inputs and behavioral goals. Recent studies of sound localization have shown that adaptation and learning involve multiple mechanisms that operate at different timescales and stages of processing, with other sensory and motor-related inputs playing a key role. We are only just beginning to understand, however, how these processes interact with one another to produce adaptive changes at the level of neuronal populations and behavior. Because there is no explicit map of auditory space in the cortex, studies of sound localization may also provide much broader insight into the plasticity of complex neural representations that are not topographically organized.

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Distribution of eye position information in the monkey inferior colliculus

Abstract: Bulkin DA, Groh JM. Distribution of eye position information in the monkey inferior colliculus.

Cited by 31 publications

References 66 publications

Locomotion and Task Demands Differentially Modulate Thalamic Audiovisual Processing during Active Search

Locomotion and Task Demands Differentially Modulate Thalamic Audiovisual Processing during Active Search

Sounds and beyond: multisensory and other non-auditory signals in the inferior colliculus

Sound localization in a changing world

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