Distribution of Estrogen-Concentrating, Neurophysin-Containing Magnocellular Neurons in the Rat Hypothalamus as Demonstrated by a Technique Combining Steroid Autoradiography and Immunohistology in the Same Tissue

Rhodes, C. H.; Morrell, Joan I.; Pfaff, D. W.

doi:10.1159/000123195

Cited by 93 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similarly, no ERα-IR neurons were found in the SCN, a result in contrast with data observed in other species (e.g., guinea pigs [8], sheep [12, 13], and pigs [14]) but agreeing with reports from other mammals (e.g., hamsters [11], mice [9], musk shrews [21], and voles [10]). As in most species studied, no ERα-IR neurons were found in the SON, though a high number were observed in the PVN, in agreement with studies done in rats [4, 7, 65], guinea pigs [8], hamsters [11], musk shrews [21], and macaques [17]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Immunocytochemical Detection of Estrogen Receptor-α in the Female Rabbit Forebrain: Topography and Regulation by Estradiol

et al. 2003

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Two antibodies (H222 and Zymed) directed towards different sites of the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) were used for the following objectives: (1) to map the ERα in the forebrain of ovariectomized (ovx) rabbits by immunocytochemistry and (2) to determine the effect of endogenous (intact non-pregnant animals) and exogenous (ovx, estrogen-treated animals) estradiol (E2) on the population of ERα in the forebrain. Similar results were obtained with both antibodies used: dense aggregations of ERα-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were found in the infundibular nucleus (IN), the medial preoptic area (POA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and some nuclei of the amygdala. By contrast, no ERα-IR neurons were present in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN), but a dense aggregation of ERα-IR neurons occurred lateral to it in nucleus X. Numerous ERα-IR neurons were observed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, but not in the supraoptic or suprachiasmatic nuclei. The hippocampus proper lacked ERα-IR neurons, but the ventral subiculum in the hippocampal formation had a dense group of such cells. Intact non-pregnant rabbits showed less ERα-IR neurons in all regions tested than ovx animals. This difference was particularly clear in the medial POA, amygdala and BNST, while the IN showed only a marginal decrease. The dorsal, but much less the ventral, part of nucleus X also showed a decrease in the number of ERα-IR neurons compared with ovx animals. E2 benzoate (5 µg/day for 5 days) reduced even further the number of ERα-IR neurons in all regions except in a circumscribed area of the IN and the ventral part of nucleus X. These results show the existence of both sensitive and insensitive neurons to the down-regulatory effect of E2 on the presence of ERα. Sensitive neurons are located in the telencephalon, POA and several hypothalamic nuclei (PVN), while insensitive neurons are mainly restricted to the IN and the ventral part of nucleus X in the basal hypothalamus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Immunocytochemical Detection of Estrogen Receptor-α in the Female Rabbit Forebrain: Topography and Regulation by Estradiol

et al. 2003

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“…Considering the general lack of ER␣-ir within these two nuclei in the rat (13,14), these findings suggest that estrogen directly regulates primarily OTcontaining parvicellular neurons, but mainly AVP-producing magnocellular neurons, through the ER␤. Although it was difficult to identify distinct nuclear ER␤-ir within individual magnocellular neurons in the PVN, evidence exists for [ 3 H]estrogen-concentrating magnocellular OT or AVP neurons there (9)(10)(11). It may be that these PVN magnocellular cells have a lower concentration of ER␤ as compared with the parvicellular or SON magnocellular estrogen targets that we have identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In the rat brain specifically, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) have been identified as having large concentrations of cells containing ER␤ mRNA (6,7) or immunoreactivity (8). Although [ 3 H]estrogen-concentrating cells have been identified in the rat PVN and SON (9)(10)(11)(12), little or no ER␣ appears to be found in these regions of the rat brain (refs. 13 and 14; S.E.A., unpublished results).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential colocalization of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) with oxytocin and vasopressin in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the female rat brain: An immunocytochemical study

Alves

López

McEwen

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

205

130

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Evidence exists for the localization of the newly identified estrogen receptor ␤ (ER␤) within the rat paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), regions which lack ER␣. Presently, we investigate whether ER␤-like-immunoreactivity (-ir) is found within cells of several major neuropeptide systems of these regions. Young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX), and 1 week later half of the animals received estradiol-17␤ (E). Dual-label immunocytochemistry was performed on adjacent sections by using an ER␤ antibody, followed by an antibody to either oxytocin (OT), arginine-vasopressin (AVP), or corticotropin releasing hormone. Nuclear ER␤-ir was identified within SON and retrochiasmatic SON, and in specific PVN subnuclei: medial parvicellular part, ventral and dorsal zones, dorsal and lateral parvicellular parts, and in the posterior magnocellular part, medial and lateral zones. However, the ER␤-ir within magnocellular areas was noticeably less intense. OT-͞ER␤-ir colocalization was confirmed in neurons of the parvicellular subnuclei, in both OVX and OVX؉E brains (Ϸ50% of OT and 25% of ER␤-labeled cells between bregma ؊1.78 and ؊2.00). In contrast, few PVN parvicellular neurons contained both AVP-and ER␤-ir. As well, very little overlap was observed in the distribution of cells containing corticotropin releasing hormone-or ER␤-ir. In the SON, most nuclear ER␤-ir colocalized with AVP-ir, whereas few OT-͞ ER␤-ir dual-labeled cells were observed. These findings suggest that estrogen can directly modulate specific OT and AVP systems through an ER␤-mediated mechanism, in a tissuespecific manner.The newly identified estrogen receptor ␤ (ER␤) has been shown to exist in rat (1), human (2), and mouse (3), but the physiological role(s) of this receptor remain(s) unknown. The ligand binding characteristics have been found to be generally similar to those of the ''original'' ER, now known as ER␣, despite only a 55-60% homology in the C-terminal ligand binding domain of the two receptors (1-4). Likewise, ER␤ appears capable of activating the expression of an estrogen response element-containing reporter gene construct, in a hormone-dependent manner, at very low hormone concentrations (1-3). This finding is not surprising, considering that the DNA binding domains of the two isoforms are 95-97% homologous. However, the remaining domains of these two steroid receptors show no homology, and recent evidence suggests that ER␣ and ER␤ possess distinct transactivation functions (3, 5).Another clue for a distinct role for this ''second'' ER may be its anatomical distribution. Although there appears to be some overlap, the distribution of the two receptor subtypes appear to be quite different, based upon recent descriptions of ER␤ transcript localization in the rat (4). In the rat brain specifically, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) have been identified as having large concentrations of cells containing ER␤ mRNA (6, 7) or immunoreactivity (8). Although [ 3 H]estrogen-co...

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“…The first morphological evidence for the estrogen responsiveness of a subset of paraventricular OT neurons was provided using studies of tritiated estradiol uptake by Pfaff and Keiner (1973) and Rhodes et al (1981Rhodes et al ( , 1982. In the autoradiographic studies by Rhodes et al, estrogen receptive OT neurons were found in the caudal PVH as well as in the ventromedial aspect of the middle PVH.…”

Section: Estrogen Receptor Expression In Oxytocinsynthesizing and Vasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen receptor‐β in oxytocin and vasopressin neurons of the rat and human hypothalamus: Immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization studies

Hrabovszky

Kalló

Steinhauser

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

104

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Topographical distribution of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta)-synthesizing oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) neurons was studied in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei (PVH; SO) of ovariectomized rats. In distinct subregions, 45-98% of OT neurons and 88-99% of VP neurons exhibited ER-beta immunoreactivity that was confined to cell nuclei. Neuronal populations differed markedly with respect to the intensity of the ER-beta signal. Magnocellular OT neurons in the PVH, SO, and accessory cell groups typically contained low levels of the ER-beta signal; in contrast, robust receptor labeling was displayed by OT cells in the ventral subdivision of medial parvicellular subnucleus and in the caudal PVH (dorsal subdivision of medial parvicellular subnucleus and lateral parvicellular subnucleus). Estrogen receptor-beta signal was generally more intense and present in higher proportions of magnocellular and parvicellular VP vs. OT neurons of similar topography. Immunocytochemical observations were confirmed via triple-label in situ hybridization, an approach combining use of digoxigenin-, fluorescein-, and 35S-labeled cRNA hybridization probes. Further, ER-beta mRNA was also detectable in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the parvicellular PVH. Finally, double-label immunocytochemical analysis of human autopsy samples showed that subsets of OT and VP neurons also express ER-beta in the human. These neuroanatomical studies provide detailed information about the topographical distribution and cellular abundance of ER-beta within subsets of hypothalamic OT and VP neurons in the rat. The variable receptor content may indicate the differential responsiveness to estrogen in distinct OT and VP neuronal populations. In addition, a relevance of these findings to the human hypothalamus is suggested.

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Distribution of Estrogen-Concentrating, Neurophysin-Containing Magnocellular Neurons in the Rat Hypothalamus as Demonstrated by a Technique Combining Steroid Autoradiography and Immunohistology in the Same Tissue

Cited by 93 publications

References 5 publications

Immunocytochemical Detection of Estrogen Receptor-α in the Female Rabbit Forebrain: Topography and Regulation by Estradiol

Immunocytochemical Detection of Estrogen Receptor-α in the Female Rabbit Forebrain: Topography and Regulation by Estradiol

Differential colocalization of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) with oxytocin and vasopressin in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the female rat brain: An immunocytochemical study

Estrogen receptor‐β in oxytocin and vasopressin neurons of the rat and human hypothalamus: Immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization studies

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