Distribution of electric fields in certain types of stationary weakly ionizing jets

On the electric field distribution in plane and axisymmetrical partially charged stationary jets

“…The described theoretical modes and calculations of the spatial distributions of the electric field potentials measured in jets of partially charged fluids at both room and plasma temperatures are an enhancement of the models and calculations of papers [1,2]. In this work, in contrast to [1], we discuss not only axisymmetrical but also plane laminar and turbulent jets, including the ones resulting from a prebreakdown applied electric field (see Fig.…”

“…In this work, in contrast to [1], we discuss not only axisymmetrical but also plane laminar and turbulent jets, including the ones resulting from a prebreakdown applied electric field (see Fig. 1).…”

“…In the presence of impurities, which, as a rule, increase the natural conductivity of a cleared fluid σ 0 , for the calculation of u a , i , it is necessary to take into account their characteristics influenc- ing thermal ionization (thermal dissociation). 1 For application of this statistical kinetics with the covalent atom B affinity to the electron u e , along with the use of a formulae close to equations (1), which is widely applied in statistical physics (mechanics), a sufficiently known hypothesis for linear dependence of the volume rate of ion formation W D, I = W D , I ( n a , n p ) on the neutral molecule concentration n a is postulated. In addition, its monotonously increasing dependence on module E (which is restricted by the breakdown voltage module being sufficiently high for the fluids under study), as well as on the relatively low volume concentration of the possibly available impurities n p , is taken into account.…”

“…1). We still consider that the thermal ionization (thermal dissociation) of the fluids under study occurs by the laws of the classical statistics and kinetics of Arrhenius-Boltzmann-Gibbs and that the rate of this ionization (dissociation) in unit time in the unit volume W D, I satisfies the known equation of statistical physics (mechanics) (1) In (1), k B is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, is the potential of ionization of the atom A in a molecule of a fluid with covalent chemical bonds, and u a is the activation energy for molecules of fluids with ionic bonds. In the case of dissociation, an analog to equation (1) is written in [3] (heptane is considered there as an example of a cleared fluid).…”

“…(2) 1 In particular, according to the data of [4], the value of the low-voltage conductivity of cleared transformer oil, being determined by the empiric current-voltage characteristics, is lower by an order than the conductivity of the same untreated oil. For its enhancement, easily ionized additives (impurities) are often introduced into a fluid [5].…”