Distribution of dicarboxylic acids and carbon isotopic compositions in aerosols from 1997 Indonesian forest fires

Narukawa, Masahiro; Kawamura, Kimitaka; Takeuchi, Nobuo; Nakajima, Teruyuki

doi:10.1029/1999gl010810

Cited by 262 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, a M:S mass ratio of > 3.0 indicates that dicarboxylic acids originate from photochemical reactions associated with elevated values of oxidants and attributes the source of dicarboxylic acids to secondary reactions, 14,63 whereas one of 0.3-0.5 indicates a traffic emission origin for these dicarboxylic acids. 6,54,58 In agreement with the high correlation of oxalate with sulfate (r = 0.87) and the M:S mass ratio observed in the urban site (0.69, much smaller than the one for secondary formation sources), 54 it was suggested that the sources of oxalate and sulfate in the particulate matter stem from direct emissions of the exhaustion of vehicles. In the coarse particle mode, the concentration of oxalate was smaller than in the accumulation mode.…”

Section: Carboxylic Acids In the Particulate Mattersupporting

confidence: 61%

“…59,60 Primary vehicular emission was suggested to be the main source of dicarboxylic acids in the urban atmosphere of Los Angeles. 58 In fact, the secondary production of oxalic acid in the atmosphere is still not well investigated and biomass-burning and urban/industrial combustion have been known as sources of atmospheric oxalate. 61 Comparing the mass size distribution of dicarboxylic acids analyzed with data obtained in other urban places, similar distribution has been found for oxalate in urban site, with the dominant mode peaking at 0.25-0.5 µm.…”

Section: Carboxylic Acids In the Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include in-cloud processes 17,57 and gas phase photochemical reactions of hydrocarbons with oxidants followed by gasparticle condensation. 14 Potential sources of oxalate can also include direct emissions from vehicle exhausts and biogenic activity, 58 as well as biomass burning. 59,60 Primary vehicular emission was suggested to be the main source of dicarboxylic acids in the urban atmosphere of Los Angeles.…”

Section: Carboxylic Acids In the Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-segregated particulate matter and carboxylic acids over urban and rural sites in Londrina City, Brazil

Freitas¹,

Martins

Solci³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Amostragens simultâneas de material particulado (PM) de 0,25 a 10 mm foram realizadas entre os meses de março e abril de 2007 em área urbana e rural de Londrina (Paraná). Os resultados indicaram que o material particulado fino (PM 2,5 ) representa uma significativa porção da massa de material particulado PM 10 (70 e 67% na área urbana e rural, respectivamente). Ácidos dicarboxílicos foram encontrados em maior concentração respondendo por 78% e 69% da massa de PM 2,5 na área urbana e rural, respectivamente, sendo que o oxalato e succinato foram os mais abundantes. A distribuição de massa do oxalato em área urbana apresentou picos dominantes em 0,25-0,5 µm. A razão de massa de acetato e formato indicou as emissões veiculares primarias como fonte dominante de ácidos carboxílicos em Londrina. Além disso, análises das trajetórias indicaram a ocorrência de transporte de poluentes do estado de São Paulo para a região de estudo.Samplings of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) from 0.25 to 10 µm were performed between the months of March and April 2007, simultaneously in urban and rural areas of Londrina City (Paraná State, Brazil). Results indicated that the fine fraction (PM 2.5 ) represents a significant portion of the PM 10 mass (70 and 67% in urban and rural areas, respectively). Dicarboxylic acids were found in larger concentration, contributing to the PM 2.5 fraction with 78% in urban and 69% in rural areas, being oxalate and succinate the most abundant species. Mass size distribution of oxalate in urban site was presented as the dominant mode, with peaks at 0.25-0.5 µm. Acetate-to-formate mass ratio indicated the primary vehicular emissions as dominant source of carboxylic acids in Londrina. Moreover, backward trajectories indicated the transport of pollutants from São Paulo State to Londrina region.Keywords: size-segregated particulate matter, carboxylic acids, PM 2.5 , urban and rural aerosols IntroductionThe occurrence and abundance of carboxylic acids in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) depend on meteorological conditions and characteristics of the ambient. The carboxylic acids represent a major fraction of the organic acids present in the atmospheric particulate matter. Among them, the oxalic acid has been the main species, followed by succinic and malonic acids. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Mono-and di-carboxylic acids are important groups of organic compounds identified in the atmospheric particles. 7,8 Formic and acetic acids, the dominant species of organic acids in tropospheric aqueous and gaseous phases, are also ubiquitous in aerosol particles. Oxalic acid has been detected as the major fraction of water-soluble organic compounds in urban, rural and even in remote areas. [3][4][5][6] Since carboxylic acids are highly water-soluble, they have the potential to modify the hygroscopic properties of atmospheric particles, including their ambient size and cloud condensation nuclei activity. 9,10 Weak organic acids could contribute ca. 40 and 60% to the free acidity in precipitation in urban and remote areas, respe...

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Section: Carboxylic Acids In the Particulate Mattersupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Carboxylic Acids In the Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carboxylic Acids In the Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-segregated particulate matter and carboxylic acids over urban and rural sites in Londrina City, Brazil

Freitas¹,

Martins

Solci³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…In contrast, the concentrations of C 3 and C 4 were lower in nighttime (89 ng m -3 and 107 ng m -3 , respectively) than in daytime (123 ng m -3 and 115 ng m -3 , respectively). C 2 can be produced by the combustion of fossil fuels (Kawamura and Kaplan, 1987) and forest fires (Narukawa et al, 1999), but more importantly produced by the photochemical oxidation of VOCs and other precursors in aerosols during long-range transport (Carlton et al, 2007;Carlton et al, 2006;Kawamura et al, 1996a;Kawamura et al, 1996b;Warneck, 2003Warneck, , 2005. We also found greater levels of azelaic (C 9 ) acid (28 ng m -3 ) at night than mid-day (24 ng m -3 ).…”

Section: α-Dicarbonylsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Oxalic acid (C 2 ) is usually the dominant organic species in aerosols (Kawamura and Sakaguchi, 1999). Diacids are emitted primarily from combustion of fossil fuels, i.e., motor exhausts and coal burning, and biomass burning (Graham et al, 2002;Kawamura and Kaplan, 1987;Kundu et al, 2010a, b;Narukawa et al, 1999), but more importantly produced by the secondary oxidation of anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere (Glasius et al, 2000;Kawamura et al, 1996a;Legrand et al, 2007). Aqueous-phase production of C 2 is also important in aerosol/cloud/fog droplets (Warneck, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal and temporal variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in aerosols from the northern vicinity of Beijing: Implication for photochemical aging during atmospheric transport

He¹,

Kawamura²,

Okuzawa³

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Abstract:Aerosol samples were collected in autumn 2007 on day-and nighttime basis in the northern receptor site of Beijing, China. The samples were analyzed for total carbon (TC) and water-soluble dicarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 12 ), oxocarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 9 ), glyoxal and methylglyoxal to better understand the photochemical aging of organic aerosols in the vicinity of Beijing. Concentrations of TC are 50% greater in daytime when winds come from Beijing than in nighttime when winds come from the northern forest areas. Most diacids showed higher concentrations in daytime, suggesting that the organics emitted from the urban Beijing and delivered to the northern vicinity in daytime are subjected to photo-oxidation to result in diacids.However, oxalic acid (C 2 ), which is the most abundant diacid followed by C 3 or C 4 , became on average 30% more abundant in nighttime together with azelaic, ω-oxooctanoic and ω-oxononanoic acids, which are specific oxidation products of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids.Methylglyoxal, an oxidation product of isoprene and a precursor of oxalic acid, also became 29% more abundant in nighttime. Based on a positive correlation between C 2 and glyoxylic acid (ωC 2 ) in nighttime when relative humidity significantly enhanced, we propose a nighttime aqueous phase production of C 2 via the oxidation of ωC 2 . We found an increase in the contribution of diacids to TC by 3 folds during consecutive clear days. This study demonstrates that diacids and related compounds are largely produced in the northern vicinity of Beijing via photochemical processing of organic precursors emitted from urban center and forest areas.

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Seasonal and longitudinal distributions of atmospheric water‐soluble dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and α‐dicarbonyls over the North Pacific

et al. 2015

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In order to assess the seasonal variability of atmospheric abundances of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls over the North Pacific and Sea of Japan, aerosol samples were collected along the longitudinal transacts during six cruises between Canada and Japan. The back trajectory analyses indicate that aerosol samples collected in winter and spring are influenced by the East Asian outflow, whereas summer and fall samples are associated with the pristine maritime air masses. Molecular distributions of water-soluble organics in winter and spring samples show the predominance of oxalic acid (C 2 ) followed by succinic (C 4 ) and malonic acids (C 3 ). In contrast, summer and fall marine aerosols are characterized by the predominance of C 3 over C 4 . Concentrations of dicarboxylic acids were higher over the Sea of Japan than the North Pacific. With a lack of continental outflow, higher concentrations during early summer are ascribed to atmospheric oxidation of organic precursors associated with high biological activity in the North Pacific. This interpretation is further supported by the high abundances of azelaic acid, which is a photochemical oxidation product of biogenic unsaturated fatty acids, over the Bering Sea in early summer when surface waters are characterized by high biological productivity. We found higher ratios of oxalic acid to pyruvic and glyoxylic acids (C 2 /Pyr and C 2 /ωC 2 ) and glyoxal and methylglyoxal (C 2 /Gly and C 2 /MeGly) in summer and fall than in winter and spring, suggesting a production of C 2 from the aqueous-phase oxidation of oceanic isoprene. In this study, dicarboxylic acids account for 0.7-38% of water-soluble organic carbon.

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Distribution of dicarboxylic acids and carbon isotopic compositions in aerosols from 1997 Indonesian forest fires

Cited by 262 publications

References 23 publications

Size-segregated particulate matter and carboxylic acids over urban and rural sites in Londrina City, Brazil

Size-segregated particulate matter and carboxylic acids over urban and rural sites in Londrina City, Brazil

Diurnal and temporal variations of water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in aerosols from the northern vicinity of Beijing: Implication for photochemical aging during atmospheric transport

Seasonal and longitudinal distributions of atmospheric water‐soluble dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and α‐dicarbonyls over the North Pacific

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