Distribution of dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, in a few selected semi-urban areas of the Central Province of Sri Lanka

Noordeen, F.; Raza, Mrm; Pitchai, Fathima Nuzra Nagoor; Saranga, Wkc; Sandeepani, Lkhb; Sadamali, LD; Sanathchandra, Mbtt; Samarakoon, Krmhn; Rukshana, Mjf; Ratnayake, R.M.A.S.; Ratnayake, Rcsb; Ratnayake, Rmpm; Seanadheera, Hmsm

doi:10.4038/sljid.v8i1.8141

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…albopictus as the most abundant vector in all spatial setups in Gampaha District, including rural, suburban and urban areas. The study’s findings are supported by a few similar studies on the distribution and prevalence of these vectors in Sri Lanka [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Bionomic aspects of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus at domestic settings in urban, suburban and rural areas in Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka

et al. 2022

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Background The lack of information on behavioural patterns of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus has become a significant limitation in vector control and disease management programmes. Therefore, the current study was focused on determining some bionomics aspects: breeding, resting, host-seeking and feeding preferences of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Sri Lanka. Methods Larval and adult surveys were conducted from April 2017 to April 2019 monthly in six selected Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in Gampaha Distinct, Western province, Sri Lanka, representing urban, suburban and rural settings. Resting preferences of adult mosquitoes were observed from indoor and outdoor places using a Prockopack aspirator. The information on resting height, surface, material and locality was recorded. Human-baited double-net traps were used to determine the host-seeking time of Aedes mosquitoes. Statistical differences in the spatial distribution of mosquitoes in selected MOH areas and prevalence of vectors were analysed using general linear model (GLM). A chi-square test was used to analyse the resting behaviour. Results Total of 19,835 potential breeding sites were examined at 13,563 premises, and 18.5% (n = 1856) were positive for Aedes larvae. Distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was statistically significant at species level (df = 1; F = 137.134; P < 0.05 GLM) and study setting (df = 2; F = 8.125; P < 0.05). Aedes aegypti breeding was found mainly in temporary removals (18.8%; n = 34), discarded non-degradables (12.15%; n = 22) and tyres (9.95%; n = 18). Natural (14.7%; n = 246) and temporary removals (13.6%; n = 227) and discarded non-reusable items were the key ovipositing sites for Ae. albopictus. In the adult mosquito survey, the majority was comprised of Ae. albopictus (54.5%; n = 999), which denoted exophilic nature (90.8%; n = 758), and 45.5% (n = 835) represented by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes who were mainly endophilic (84.3%; n = 842). Aedes aegypti rested on cloth hangings and curtains, followed by the furniture, while Aedes albopictus was predominant in outdoor vegetation. In both vectors, biting patterns denoted a typical diurnal pattern with two peaks of host-seeking and biting activity in the morning and afternoon. Conclusions The majority (80%) of the larval habitats were artificial containers. The use of larvicides for vector control as the prominent measure is questionable since applying these chemicals may target only 20% of the total breeding grounds, which are permanent. The resting places of adult mosquitoes are mainly indoors. Therefore, using thermal space spraying of insecticide may not be appropriate, and indoor residual spraying is recommended as a suitable intervention to target adult mosquitoes. This study warrants a holistic vector control approach for all medically important mosquitoes and insects, ensuring the rational use of finance and resources. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Bionomic aspects of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus at domestic settings in urban, suburban and rural areas in Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka

et al. 2022

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“…Most DENV-positive cases seen in this study (26 samples) were from ITC and occurred in both the rainy and dry seasons. This is in line with other studies, which have demonstrated the occurrence of DENV in urban and semi-urban areas, correlating to the distribution of the vector A. aegypti mosquitoes [ 39 , 40 ]. The surrounding wetlands in our study settings provide suitable breeding habitats for mosquitoes, and in addition the presence of short rains could further favor breeding of A. aegypti throughout the year.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Occurrence of 4 Dengue Virus Serotypes and Chikungunya Virus in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania, During the Dengue Outbreak in 2018

Chipwaza

Sumaye

Weisser

et al. 2020

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Dengue and Chikungunya viruses can cause large-scale epidemics, with attack rates of up to 80%. In Tanzania, there have been repeated outbreaks of dengue fever, the most recent in 2018 and 2019, mostly affecting the coastal areas. Despite the importance of these viruses, there is limited knowledge on the epidemiology of dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) in Tanzania. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of DENV and CHIKV in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kibaoni Health Center in Kilombero Valley, Southeastern Tanzania, in the rainy and dry seasons of 2018. Febrile patients of any age and gender were enrolled from the outpatient department. Blood samples were taken and screened for DENV and CHIKV viral RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Results Overall, 294 patients were recruited. Most were females (65%), and one-third of patients were aged 14–25 years. DENV and CHIKV were detected in 29 (9.9%) and 3 (1.0%) patients, respectively. DENV was detected across all age groups during both the dry and rainy seasons. Although all 4 DENV serotypes were detected, serotypes 1 and 3 dominated and were present in 14 patients (42.4%) each. Additionally, the study showed DENV-1 and DENV-3 co-infections. Conclusions This study reveals the co-circulation of all 4 DENV serotypes and CHIKV in Kilombero. Importantly, we report the first occurrence of DENV-4 in Tanzania. Unlike previous DENV outbreaks caused by DENV-2, the 2018 outbreak was dominated by DENV-1 and DENV-3. The occurrence of all serotypes suggests the possibility of severe clinical outcomes in future DENV epidemics in Tanzania.

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“…Most DENV-positive cases seen in this study (26 samples) were from ITC and occurred in both rainy and dry seasons. This is in line with other studies, which have demonstrated the occurrence of DENV in urban and semi-urban areas, correlating to the distribution of the vector A. aegypti mosquitoes [39, 40]. The surrounding wetlands in our study settings provide suitable breeding habitats for mosquitoes, and in addition the presence of short rains could further favor breeding of A. aegypti throughout the year.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Occurrence of Four Dengue Virus Serotypes and Chikungunya Virus in Kilombero, Tanzania during Dengue Outbreak in 2018

Chipwaza

Sumaye

Weisser

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Dengue and Chikungunya viruses can cause large-scale epidemics with attack rates exceeding 80%. In Tanzania, there have been repeated outbreaks of dengue fever, the most recent one in 2018 and 2019 mostly reported in coastal areas. Despite its importance, there is limited knowledge on epidemiology of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) in Tanzania. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of DENV and CHIKV in Kilombero district, South-Eastern Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kibaoni Health Center, in Kilombero district, in the rainy and dry seasons of 2018. Febrile patients of any age and gender were enrolled. Blood samples were taken and screened for DENV and CHIKV viral RNA by real-time RT-PCR assays. Results: A total of 294 patients were recruited. Most were females (65%), and aged between 14─25 years (33%). DENV and CHIKV were detected in 29 (9.9%) and 3 (1.0%) patients, respectively. DENV was detected across all age groups and during both dry and rainy seasons. Although all four DENV serotypes were detected, serotypes 1 and 3 dominated and were present in 14 patients (42.4%) each. Additionally, the study showed DENV-1 and DENV-3 co-infections. Conclusion: This study reveals the co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes and CHIKV in Kilombero district. Importantly, we report the first occurrence of DENV-4 in Tanzania. Unlike previous DENV outbreaks caused by DENV-2, the 2018 outbreak was dominated by DENV-1 and DENV-3. Occurrence of all serotypes suggests the possibility of having severe clinical outcomes in future DENV epidemics in Tanzania.

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Distribution of dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, in a few selected semi-urban areas of the Central Province of Sri Lanka

Abstract: This an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Bionomic aspects of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus at domestic settings in urban, suburban and rural areas in Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka

Bionomic aspects of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus at domestic settings in urban, suburban and rural areas in Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka

Occurrence of 4 Dengue Virus Serotypes and Chikungunya Virus in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania, During the Dengue Outbreak in 2018

Occurrence of Four Dengue Virus Serotypes and Chikungunya Virus in Kilombero, Tanzania during Dengue Outbreak in 2018

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