Distribution of Cryptosporidium species isolated from diarrhoeic calves in Japan

Kabir, Mohammad Hazzaz Bin; Itoh, Megumi; Shehata, Ayman Ahmed; Bando, Hironori; Fukuda, Yasuhiro; Murakoshi, Fumi; Fujikura, Atsushi; Okawa, Hiroaki; Endo, Takuto; Gotō, Akira; Kachi, Masayuki; Nakayama, Toshie; Kano, Yuto; Oishi, Shoko; Otomaru, Konosuke; Essa, Mohamed Ibrahim; Kazama, Kei; Xuan, Xuenan; Kato, Koichiro

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2020.102153

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…parvum was the most predominant species in the KOR. This finding agrees with the results observed in several other countries [ 7 , 25 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 39 ]. Most studies have proven that C .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…These variations could be explained by the age of the animals, time of sample collection, and the differences in geographical location. However, the percentage of Cryptosporidium spp.-positive samples found in our study was lower than that reported in other countries such as Germany (88.9%), Japan (83.8%), China (38.4%), Italy (38.8%), Colombia (26.6%), Argentina (22.5%), and Estonia (22.6%) [ 25 , 32 – 37 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Subtypes IIaA14G1R1, IIaA14G3R1, and IIaA15G1R1 were each detected in one calf. IIaA14G1R1 was identified in calves, goat kids, and humans [ 7 , 12 , 17 , 19 , 25 , 34 , 57 , 58 ]. IIaA14G3R1 was found in humans, calf, lambs, and fresh molluscan shellfish [ 19 , 25 , 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IIaA14G1R1 was identified in calves, goat kids, and humans [ 7 , 12 , 17 , 19 , 25 , 34 , 57 , 58 ]. IIaA14G3R1 was found in humans, calf, lambs, and fresh molluscan shellfish [ 19 , 25 , 75 , 76 ]. IIaA15G1R1 has been reported in humans [ 29 , 57 , 58 , 77 , 78 ] as well as in cattle and goat kids [ 22 , 79 – 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bovis and C . ryanae are present in pre-weaned calves [ 23 , 25 , 26 ] and that C . ryanae infections are particularly associated with moderate diarrhea in pre-weaned calves [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and distribution pattern of Cryptosporidium spp. among pre-weaned diarrheic calves in the Republic of Korea

et al. 2021

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Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites that belong to subphylum apicomplexa and cause diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. Data on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and its subtypes among calves in the Republic of Korea (KOR) are sparse. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and association between the age of calf and the identified Cryptosporidium spp. and to determine the genotypes/subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned calves with diarrhea in the KOR. A total of 460 diarrheic fecal samples were collected from calves aged 1−60 days and screened for Cryptosporidium spp. by the 18S rRNA gene. Species identification was determined using the sequencing analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, and C. parvum-positive samples were subtyped via the sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Sequence analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed the presence of three Cryptosporidium spp., namely, C. parvum (n = 72), C. ryanae (n = 12), and C. bovis (n = 2). Co-infection by these species was not observed. The infection rate was the highest in calves aged 11−20 days (26.1%, 95% CI 17.1−35.1), whereas the lowest rate was observed in calves aged 21−30 days (7.7%, 95% CI 0.0−16.1). The prevalence of C. parvum was detected exclusively in calves aged ≤20 days, and the highest infection rate of C. ryanae was seen in calves ≥31 days of age. The occurrence of C. parvum (χ2 = 25.300, P = 0.000) and C. ryanae (χ2 = 18.020, P = 0.001) was significantly associated with the age of the calves. Eleven different subtypes of the IIa family that belonging to C. parvum were recognized via the sequence analyses of the gp60 gene. Except for two (IIaA18G3R1 and IIaA15G2R1) subtypes, nine subtypes were first identified in calves with diarrhea in the KOR. IIaA18G3R1 was the most frequently detected subtype (72.2% of calves), followed by IIaA17G3R1 (5.6%), IIaA15G2R1 (4.2%), IIaA19G4R1 (4.2%), IIaA16G4R1 (2.8%), IIaA17G4R1 (2.8%), IIaA19G3R (2.8%), IIaA14G1R1 (1.4%), IIaA14G3R1 (1.4%), IIaA15G1R1 (1.4%), and IIaA19G1R1 (1.4%) These results suggest that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. is significantly associated with calf age. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the high genetic diversity of C. parvum and the widespread occurrence of zoonotic C. parvum in pre-weaned calves. Hence, calves are a potential source of zoonotic transmission with considerable public health implications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bovis and C . ryanae are present in pre-weaned calves [ 23 , 25 , 26 ] and that C . ryanae infections are particularly associated with moderate diarrhea in pre-weaned calves [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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