Distribution of Cryptosporidium species in sheep in the UK

Mueller-Doblies, D.; Giles, M.; Elwin, Kristin; Smith, Richard P.; Clifton-Hadley, F. A.; Chalmers, Rachel M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.03.021

Cited by 86 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…xiaoi was first described in sheep in 2009 (FAYER;SANTIN, 2009). Previously, it was known as C. bovis-like and was found in sheep in the United States (SANTÍN et al, 2007), Spain (NAVARRO-I-MARTINEZ et al, 2007), Tunisia CHALMERS, 2008), United Kingdom (MUELLER-DOBLIES et al, 2008), China (WANG et al, 2010;YE et al, 2013), Norway (ROBERTSON et al, 2010), Australia (SWEENY et al, 2011), andEgypt (MAHFOUZ et al, 2014). In Brazil, the first report of this parasite in sheep was recorded in São Paulo in 2015, where it was found infecting 5-to 360-day-old sheep (ZUCATTO et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ubiquitum has the largest number of hosts among the Cryptosporidium species . It was detected in sheep in Australia (SWEENY et al, 2011;RYAN et al, 2005;YANG et al, 2009), United States (SANTÍN;FAYER, 2007;SANTIN et al, 2007), Belgium (GEURDEN et al, 2008), China (WANG et al, 2010), Spain (DIAZ et al, 2010), Norway (ROBERTSON et al, 2010), UK (ELWIN;CHALMERS, 2008;MUELLER-DOBLIES et al, 2008), and other countries. In Brazil, this species of Cryptosporidium has been detected by Fiuza et al (2011) in the State of Rio de Janeiro and by Silva et al (2014) and Zucatto et al (2015) in São Paulo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. in sheep

Snak¹,

Smiderle²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2017

SCA

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Considered a zoonosis of utmost importance, cryptosporidiosis has a worldwide distribution and can infect mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. It is caused by a highly resistant protozoan present in the environment and can cause death in immunosuppressed individuals and pups, as well as in farm animals such as cattle and sheep, generating losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in sheep feces from the farms of Western Paraná, which have different management styles, and compare the results with their respective management methods. One hundred and forty-four stool samples were collected (69 from Property 1 and 75 from Property 2) and analyzed using a fecal smear on slides after staining by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Samples tested positive by this method were subjected to nested PCR and the products obtained were sent for sequencing to determine the species. While 82.60% of the samples from Property 1 were tested positive, only 36% of the samples from Property 2 were tested positive. On analyzing the sequencing data, it was observed that the Cryptosporidium species of samples from Property 1 showed high similarity to Cryptosporidium xiaoi and those from Property 2, to Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. The reason for divergence in results can be attributed to differences in management systems adopted by each property, thus showing the importance of detecting carrier animals, as they can contaminate the environment, especially the water sources, and spread the disease to humans and other animals. Key words: Cryptosporidium ubiquitum. Cryptosporidium xiaoi. Nested-PCR. Sheep. Ziehl-Neelsen. ResumoConsiderada uma zoonose de extrema importância, a cryptosporidiose possui distribuição mundial e pode infectar mamíferos, aves, répteis e anfíbios. É causada por um protozoário muito resistente no ambiente, podendo gerar mortes em indivíduos imunossuprimidos e filhotes, principalmente em animais de produção como bovinos e ovinos, gerando prejuízos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi pesquisar a presença de Cryptosporidium spp. em fezes de ovinos de propriedades rurais do Oeste do Paraná, que possuem manejos diferenciados e comparar os resultados encontrados com o respectivo manejo. Foram coletadas 144 amostras de fezes, sendo 69 da Propriedade 1 e 75 da Propriedade 2, analisadas pelo esfregaço de fezes em lâminas após a coloração pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. As amostras positivas por esse método foram submetidas à Nested-PCR sendo os produtos obtidos enviados ao sequenciamento para a determinação da espécie. A Propriedade 1 apresentou positividade em 82,60% das amostras, enquanto a Propriedade 2 obteve 36% de amostras positivas. Foi encontrada alta similaridade para Cryptosporidium xiaoi na primeira propriedade e Cryptosporidium ubiquitum na segunda propriedade. A divergência nos resultados pode ser comprovada pela diferente forma de manejo adotada em cada propriedade, mostrando a importância de detectar os animais portadores, uma vez que estes podem contami...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. in sheep

Snak¹,

Smiderle²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2017

SCA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because sheep can harbour C. parvum, they should be considered a potential source of infection of Cryptosporidium either by direct transmission or by contamination of the environment. As with cattle, there appears to be both geographical and age-related differences in the prevalence of zoonotic and non-zoonotic genotypes in sheep based on recent molecular characterization studies worldwide Geurden et al 2008;Quilez et al 2008;Mueller-Doblies et al 2008;Paoletti et al 2009;Diaz et al 2010;Robertson et al 2010;Wang et al 2010;Fiuza et al 2011b;Shen et al 2011). A recent longitudinal study of Cryptosporidium in meat lamb farms in southern Western Australia reported that Cryptosporidium prevalences at individual samplings ranged between 18·5 and 42·6% in lambs and were <10% in the ewes.…”

Section: Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiumspecies in Australian wildlife and domestic animals

Ryan

Power

2012

Parasitology

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SUMMARYCryptosporidiumis an important enteric parasite that is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, water and food. Humans, wildlife and domestic livestock all potentially contributeCryptosporidiumto surface waters. Most species ofCryptosporidiumare morphologically indistinguishable and can only be identified using molecular tools. Over 24 species have been identified and of these, 7Cryptosporidiumspecies/genotypes are responsible for most human cryptosporidiosis cases. In Australia, relatively few genotyping studies have been conducted. SixCryptosporidiumspecies (C. hominis,C. parvum,C. meleagridis,C. fayeri,C. andersoniandC. bovis)have been identified in humans in Australia. However, little is known about the contribution of animal hosts to human pathogenic strains ofCryptosporidiumin drinking water catchments. In this review, we focus on the available genotyping data for native, feral and domestic animals inhabiting drinking water catchments in Australia to provide an improved understanding of the public health implications and to identify key research gaps.

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“…There appears to be geographic differences in the prevalence of zoonotic and non-zoonotic genotypes in sheep based on recent molecular characterisation studies. For example, in the United Kingdom, C. parvum was the only species found in neonatal lambs and was the predominant species in sheep flocks (Mueller-Doblies et al, 2008). Similarly, in Spain, C. parvum was the only species detected from 137 microscopypositive diarrheic lambs (aged up to 21 days) from 5 farms (Quilez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in pre-weaned sheep in Australia

Yang

Jacobson

Gordon

et al. 2009

Veterinary Parasitology

100

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 AbstractA total of 477 fecal samples from pre-weaned sheep from 5 different farms in the south west of Western Australia were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia using PCR. There were substantial differences in prevalence between the farms and overall prevalence was 24.5% and 11.1% respectively for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. At the 18S locus, 66 Cryptosporidium positives were identified, the majority of which were C. bovis (n = 52), followed by the cervid genotype (n= 10) and C. parvum (n = 2). At a second diagnostic locus, using C. parvum and C. hominis specific qPCR primers, 63 C. parvum positives were identified, some of which were co-infections with C. bovis. The C. parvum/C. hominis qPCR was more sensitive than the nested 18S PCR at detecting C. parvum. This may be due to the low numbers of oocysts present, as quantitation data indicated that all the C. parvum detected was present in low numbers (1-10 oocysts). It may also be that using C. parvum-specific primers is necessary to determine the true prevalence of C. parvum. Amongst Giardia positive isolates, G. duodenalis genotype E (livestock) was the most prevalent (36/53), with G.duodenalis genotype A detected in 5 positive isolates. There were also 11 mixed A and E infections detected. The findings of the present study indicate that pre-weaned lambs are not an important source of zoonotic Giardia genotypes in Australia but may be an important source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium.

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Distribution of Cryptosporidium species in sheep in the UK

Cited by 86 publications

References 21 publications

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. in sheep

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp. in sheep

Cryptosporidiumspecies in Australian wildlife and domestic animals

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in pre-weaned sheep in Australia

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