Distribution of coarse and fine roots of Theobroma cacao and shade tree Inga edulis in a cocoa plantation

Nygren, Pekka; Leblanc, Humberto A.; Lu, Miaoer; Luciano, Cristino Alberto Gómez

doi:10.1007/s13595-012-0250-z

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Fixed N is delivered to crops in agroforestry through two pathways: indirect via decomposition and mineralization of organic compounds (leaf litter, dead roots and nodules), and direct via root exudates, root transfer, and common mycorrhizal networks. Nygren et al (2013) speculated that the higher density and overlap of roots in surface soils for both cocoa and leguminous shade tree Inga edulis led to facilitative transfer of N derived from root nodules. Kurppa et al (2010) used soil isotopic enrichment to investigate the transfer of N from leguminous shade trees, Gliricidia sepium and Inga edulis, to cocoa saplings under semi-controlled conditions in the field and found all transfer of fixed-N was attributed to belowground transfer.…”

Section: Acquisition Of Deep Soil Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, methods that estimate the structure of root systems can support work that uses root allocation patterns as indicators of nutrient acquisition. Root topological models have been used to describe the coarse root architecture of cocoa and Inga edulis shade tree root systems, revealing root distribution in 3dimensions and estimating the location and extent of component species overlap of N 2 -fixing tree and crop roots (Nygren et al 2013). Near-surface geo-imaging technologies, such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR), have also proven effective at describing coarse root architecture when field conditions permit radar signal detections of roots (e.g., dryer, not too clayey soil) (Isaac and Anglaaere 2013).…”

Section: Imaging Nutrient Acquisition Structures With Non-destructivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient acquisition strategies in agroforestry systems

2019

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Background Disentangling nutrient acquisition strategies between trees and crops is central to understanding positive nutrient interactions in agroforestry systems for improved low-input agriculture. However, as plants are responsive to a complex soil matrix at multiple scales, generalizable diagnostics across diverse agroforests remains challenging. Scope We synthesize research at various scales of the tree-crop interface that are cumulatively hypothesized to underpin nutrient acquisition strategies in agroforestry systems. These scales span the whole root system to fine-scale sites of acquisition actively engaged in biological and chemical interactions with soil. We target vertical and horizontal dimensions of acquisition patterns; localized root-soil dynamics including biological associations; root-scale plasticity for higher acquisition; and nutrient additions via biological nitrogen fixation and deep soil nutrient uplift. We consolidate methodological advances and the effects of environmental change on wellestablished nutrient interactions. Conclusions Root distribution patterns remain one of the most universal indicators of nutrient acquisition strategies in a range of agroforestry systems, while root functional traits are emerging as an effective root-scale indicator of nutrient acquisition strategy. We validate that in agroforestry systems crop root functional traits reveal bivariate trade-offs similar to, but weaker than, crops in monoculture, with mechanistic links to nutrient acquisition strategies. While interspecific root overlap may be associated with nutrient competition, clear cases of enhanced chemically and microbially meditated processes result in species-and management-specific nutrient facilitation. We argue for agroforestry science to use distinct and standardized nutrient acquisition indicators and processes at multiple scales to generate more nuanced, while also generalizable, diagnostics of tree-crop interactions. And extensive research is needed on how agroforestry practices stabilize key nutrient acquisition patterns in the face of environmental change.

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Section: Acquisition Of Deep Soil Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Nutrient Acquisition Structures With Non-destructivementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient acquisition strategies in agroforestry systems

2019

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“…high C and N concentrations (Powers and Tiffin 2010), and the need to maximize N acquisition may help explain why these two species exhibit marked differences in belowground traits (active nodulation and superficial roots). Nygren et al (2013) described the root architecture of a legume tree species interplanted in a cocoa plantation and showed a mostly superficial root mat that efficiently captured nutrients from the leaf litter layer. FRM and its superficial distribution in G. sepium and L. panamense could reflect a response to the mineralization of nutrients from a high quality litter layer that decomposes quickly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of seasonality and species effects on surface fine roots and nodulation in tropical legume tree plantations

Gei

Powers

2014

Plant Soil

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Background Fine roots comprise a dynamic carbon pool in forests. Legumes, widespread in the tropics, have a specialized strategy of nitrogen acquisition. However, the belowground dynamics of this group are poorly understood. Scope We studied the seasonal and spatial variation in surface fine root mass (FRM) and nodulation over 2 years in plantations of four legume species (Dalbergia retusa, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Gliricidia sepium, Leptolobium panamense) in a dry forest in Costa Rica. We measured soil moisture, FRM, and nodule mass at 2 soil depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) and at 2 distances from the tree bole (1 and 2 m). Mean FRM per species ranged from 10 to 17 g m −2 during the dry season to 86-116 g m −2 the following wet season. Species differed in belowground foraging strategies: G. sepium and L. panamense had~41 % more roots in the surface layer, but in D. retusa plantations, 44.3 % more roots were in the deeper layer. In G. sepium and L. panamense, nodulation fluctuated seasonally, while the other species did not nodulate. Conclusions FRM varied in synchrony with rainfall and responded to interannual precipitation anomalies. Thus, FRM is a sensitive component of the forest carbon pool, vulnerable to shifts in species composition and climate regimes.

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“…It has the potential for reforestation due to its rusticity to adverse environmental conditions and biological nitrogen fixation capacity. This species is commonly used as a shade tree in intercropped plantations of coffee and cocoa (NYGREN et al, 2013). I. edulis still has the potential for the management of non-timber products, as its leaves have anti-inflammatory properties, especially flavonoids (DIAS et al, 2010;SILVA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROOTING OF Inga edulis Mart. (LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE) MINI-CUTTINGS

Berude

Araújo

Sant'Ana

et al. 2019

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Seeds of the species Inga edulis are recalcitrant and lose viability quickly, which restricts seedling production at only a certain time of the year. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the potential of mini-cutting and the influence of different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the vegetative propagation of Inga edulis. The vegetative material was collected from juvenile plants from a clonal mini-garden. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five replications and each experimental unit with eight cuttings. Treatments consisted of different IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg kg−1). The percentage of live and rooted mini-cuttings, number of roots emitted from the base, longest root length, total number of roots, fine root length, total root length, root surface area, weighted average root diameter, root volume, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, specific root length, specific root surface area, and root density were analyzed after 45 days in a greenhouse. All Inga edulis mini-cuttings survived, and rooting was over 85%. IBA concentrations had no significant effect on most of the analyzed variables. However, exogenous auxin concentration between 2000 and 4636.96 mg kg−1 provided mini-cuttings with a higher number of roots, surface area, and root volume. Rooting of juvenile Inga edulis mini-cuttings may occur without the use of IBA.

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Distribution of coarse and fine roots of Theobroma cacao and shade tree Inga edulis in a cocoa plantation

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Nutrient acquisition strategies in agroforestry systems

Nutrient acquisition strategies in agroforestry systems

The influence of seasonality and species effects on surface fine roots and nodulation in tropical legume tree plantations

ROOTING OF Inga edulis Mart. (LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE) MINI-CUTTINGS

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