Distribution of Cholinergic Vasomotor Nerves to the Parametrial Arteries of Some Laboratory and Domestic Animals

Bell, C.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0270053

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thus, each of the five regions was evaluated on a scale of 0 to ++++ for the three nerve subtypes, resulting in a total of 15 ratings for each 40-µm uterine section. This evaluation system is similar to others previously used for rating neuronal density in the uterus (Bell 1971;Papka et al 1985;Lundberg et al 1988). At least 36 sections were studied from each rat.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 87%

Pregnancy-induced uterine neuronal degeneration in the rat

Haase

Buchman

Tietz

et al. 1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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We studied the location, distribution, and density of uterine nerve bundles in virgin, full-term pregnant, and early postpartum female rats. In the virgin, a low-magnification analysis of uterine whole-mounts stained for acetylcholinesterase revealed fibers both in close association with blood vessels and coursing freely within muscle or connective tissue in the mesometrium and the uterine body. Higher magnification analysis of sections treated immunohistochemically with antibodies to the ubiquitous neuronal protein gene product 9.5, tyrosine hydroxylase, and calcitonin gene-related peptide indicated that the greatest density of nerve bundles was in the mesometrial triangle and intramyometrial region. Although the majority of bundles were associated with blood vessels, many coursed freely, particularly in the myometrial and endometrial layers. The density of innervation within the body of the uterus was heterogeneous. For instance, both innervated and noninnervated spiral arteries branched from the same innervated circumferential artery. In the term pregnant rat, we observed a profound denervation within all layers of the body of the uterus. The few remaining nerve bundles tended to be associated with blood vessels, and they were confined to the intramyometrial region. Within 48 h postpartum, both the number and density of nerve bundles increased. Long tortuous bundles, not seen in the full-term rat, were observed. The present study is the first to describe and illustrate the pattern of uterine innervation in virgin, full-term pregnant, and early postpartum rats over a wide range of magnifications.

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Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 87%

Pregnancy-induced uterine neuronal degeneration in the rat

Haase

Buchman

Tietz

et al. 1997

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…Importantly, the cholinergic innervation is distributed in the adventitia, and only in the outer 25% of the media. Bell 114 in his own study of uterine vessel innervation questioned whether smooth muscle cells other than those in the outermost layers are directly affected by transmitter released from nerves. In further support of the idea of transmural gradients of reactivity and response, it has been shown that the outer layers of aorta have a low sensitivity to EDRF 175 ; coupled with EDRF's short half-life, this suggests that the substance interacts primarily with vascular smooth muscle cells in the inner media, near the sites of its release.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cholinergic constriction in the general circulation and its role in coronary artery spasm.

Kalsner

1989

Circulation Research

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The release of acetylchoUne from autonomic nerves in those tissues that receive a cholinergic innervation is widely believed to dilate blood vessels. Exogenously administered acetylchoUne hi vivo does dilate vascular beds and produce hypotension; however, this latter effect is indirect and probably the result of liberation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from endothelial cells. Some blood vessels contain a substantial population of medial constrictor receptors for acetylchoUne, and the implications of this presence for vascular control systems has been largely ignored, although it needs to be considered. A survey of the evolution of vasomotor control systems indicates that acetylchoUne serves principally as an excitatory transmitter to blood vessels. NeuraUy mediated cholinergic constriction and not dilation is found in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, with responses initiated by medial muscarinic receptors. AcetylchoUne constricts many vascular preparations from these lower animals, but some vessels relax, reflecting the emergence of an EDRF responsive to acetylchoUne. An examination of cholinergic responses in mammalian vessels reveals that cholinergic (neurogenic) dilation is limited to a very few vascular beds and to only a few species. Both experimental evidence and evolutionary considerations support the likelihood that cholinergic (neural) constriction operates in some vascular regions in mammals and, in particular, in the coronary circulation of some species, including humans. In fact, constriction, and not dilation, may be the dominant vascular response to activation of the cholinergic axis in most mammals, including humans. The complications and contradictions introduced by the simultaneous presence of both EDRF and a cholinergic constrictor innervation involving medial muscarinic receptors are discussed. A variety of evidence is also presented that implicates cholinergic constriction in at least some instances of coronary artery spasm and sudden death. Received March 3, 1988; accepted January 24, 1989. little to say about neurogenic acetylcholine, except to reiterate its traditional functional assignment to a few specialized vascular beds, such as the male genitalia, the nasal mucosa, and the submandibular salivary glands. 3 -s Even such specific attributions of function, however, have generated little research interest in cholinergic mechanisms per se but instead have focused attention on the role of vasoactive peptides in neurogenic dilation. 6In fact, vasodilation by endogenously liberated acetylcholine, in those few beds in which it is postulated to occur, is linked to such ambiguities and uncertainties, with hardly a single exception, as to suggest that even such a restricted and modest assignment may overstate its role. As will be discussed here, the purported cholinergic vasodilator innervation of skeletal muscle, 7 -9 presumed to be activated as part of the defense reaction in the cat and dog, is unverifiable in primates, 10 and its hypothesized role in dilation of thoro...

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“…Estrogen-induced vasodilatation is delayed in onset and apparently requires the synthesis of protein (Killam, Rosenfeld, Battaglia, Makowski & Meschia, 1973). Cholinergic vasomotor nerves have been demonstrated in the uterine arteries of man (Bell, 1969a) and several other species (Bell, 1971). However, in the guinea-pig it has been shown that perivascular nerve stimulation of the uterine artery elicits a vasodilator response with two components, one of which is non-cholinergic (Bell, 1968(Bell, , 1969b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased myometrial blood flow evoked by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the non‐pregnant goat

Carter¹,

Einer‐Jensen²,

Fahrenkrug

et al. 1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on myometrial blood flow was evaluated in anaesthetized goats. A solution of VIP, or vehicle alone, was infused into the right internal iliac artery for a period of 10 min. The myometrial blood flow in both uterine horns was measured from the third to the seventh min of the infusion by the gas clearance technique after local injection of l:'lxenon in 10 /41. saline solution. Blood samples were collected from both utero-ovarian veins 5 min from the onset of the infusion and the plasma concentration of VIP determined by radioimmunoassay.2. During infusion of vehicle before VIP, myometrial blood flow was of the same magnitude in both uterine horns, i.e. 0-06-0*12 ml./min per g. The blood flow of the right horn increased to 0-20-0-39 ml./min per g during infusion of VIP (300 p-mole/ min) in the ipsilateral artery, whilst that of the left horn rose to 0 13-0-26 ml./min per g. The effect was sometimes observed to last for more than 40 min. 3. Increased myometrial blood flow was observed with infusion rates down to 3 p-mole/min. Once a response to VIP had been provoked, however, the vasculature sometimes became refractory to further stimulation. 4. The plasma concentration of VIP increased in both utero-ovarian veins during unilateral infusion of the peptide.5. Methylene blue given through the infusion catheter stained tissue in both uterine horns, further evidencing that their blood supply is not entirely separate.6. Uterine motility was observed to diminish during the VIP infusions. 7. During infusion of VIP (300 p-mole/min) heart rate rose from 146 + 6 to 158 + 7 beats/min. No significant change occurred in arterial blood pressure.8. It is concluded that the increase in blood flow is due to a local response and that, since VIP has been demonstrated in uterine nerve endings, it may act as a neurotransmitter mediating vasodilatation in the uterus.

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Distribution of Cholinergic Vasomotor Nerves to the Parametrial Arteries of Some Laboratory and Domestic Animals

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Pregnancy-induced uterine neuronal degeneration in the rat

Pregnancy-induced uterine neuronal degeneration in the rat

Cholinergic constriction in the general circulation and its role in coronary artery spasm.

Increased myometrial blood flow evoked by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the non‐pregnant goat

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