Distribution of Choline Acetyltransferase Immunoreactivity in the Telencephalon of the Lizard &lt;i&gt;Gekko gecko&lt;/i&gt;

Hoogland, Piet V.; Vermeulen-VanderZee, Eefke

doi:10.1159/000115320

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, it would have been better to study the distribution of ChAT. However, the distribution of ChAT and AChE in the dentate area is very similar in humans [de Lacalle et al, 1994], in rats [Clarke, 1985] and in the lizards Gekko gecko [Hoogland and Vermeulen-VanderZee, 1990] and Gallotia [Regidor and Poch, 1988;Medina et al, 1993]. Moreover, Tupinambis nigropunctatus is no longer available for experimental studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these animals the main cholinergic input seems to terminate in the middle and outer parts of the outer plexiform layer, which is comparable to the molecular layer in mammals. In the lizard Gekko gecko choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)-positive fibers and terminals are found in the superficial half of the outer plexiform layer and in the deep half of the inner plexiform layer [Hoogland and Vermeulen-VanderZee, 1990]. These cholinergic fibers are only present in the rostral part of the medial cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Convergence of Thalamic and Cholinergic Projections in the ‘Dentate Area’ of Lizards

et al. 1998

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The small-celled part of the medial cortex (Cxms) in lizards is comparable to the hippocampal area dentata in mammals. As in mammals, most of the afferents to this cortical area are arranged in sharply delimited laminae. In reptiles this lamination pattern is species-specific. In the lizard Tupinambis nigropunctatus projections from the multisensory dorsolateral thalamic nucleus (Dla) terminate in the middle one-third of the outer plexiform layer throughout the whole rostrocaudal extent of Cxms. In Podarcis hispanica the thalamic projections terminate not only in the middle one-third of Cxms but also in the inner plexiform layer. To find out whether the species-related variation of thalamic projections to Cxms is a solitary phenomenon or is related to variations of other afferents of Cxms, we studied the relationships between the thalamic and cholinergic projections from the basal telencephalon in the medial cortex of three lizard families: the Lacertidae, the Teiidae and the Gekkonidae. In the gekkonid lizards Gekko gecko and Eublepharius macularius, Dla projections were studied with the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. Projections were found in only the rostral one-third of Cxms where the fibers terminate in the superficial half of the outer plexiform layer and in the deep half of the inner plexiform layer. From acetylcholinesterase staining in the Cxms of representatives of these three lizard families, it appeared that the main cholinergic afferents terminate in the same subregions and the same laminae as the Dla projections. Therefore, there seems to be a close association between thalamic and cholinergic afferents in the Cxms of lizards, irrespective of their precise location in the cortex of the various species. This suggests a functional relationship between these two afferents of the dentate area in lizards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Thalamic and Cholinergic Projections in the ‘Dentate Area’ of Lizards

et al. 1998

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“…A first type is constituted by aspiny, cholinergic neurons which are present in amniotes and at least in some amphibians (Vincent & Reiner, 1987 ;Hoogland & Vermeulen-VanderZee, 1990 ;Woolf, 1991 ;Medina et al 1993 ;Marı! n et al 1997 c).…”

Section: Striatal Projection Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the basal ganglia: new perspectives through a comparative approach

2000

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The basal ganglia (BG) have received much attention during the last 3 decades mainly because of their clinical relevance. Our understanding of their structure, organisation and function in terms of chemoarchitecture, compartmentalisation, connections and receptor localisation has increased equally. Most of the research has been focused on the mammalian BG, but a considerable number of studies have been carried out in nonmammalian vertebrates, in particular reptiles and birds. The BG of the latter 2 classes of vertebrates, which together with mammals constitute the amniotic vertebrates, have been thoroughly studied by means of tract-tracing and immunohistochemical techniques. The terminology used for amniotic BG structures has frequently been adopted to indicate putative corresponding structures in the brain of anamniotes, i.e. amphibians and fishes, but data for such a comparison were, until recently, almost totally lacking. It has been proposed several times that the occurrence of well developed BG structures probably constitutes a landmark in the anamniote-amniote transition. However, our recent studies of connections, chemoarchitecture and development of the basal forebrain of amphibians have revealed that tetrapod vertebrates share a common pattern of BG organisation. This pattern includes the existence of dorsal and ventral striatopallidal systems, reciprocal connections between the striatopallidal complex and the diencephalic and mesencephalic basal plate (striatonigral and nigrostriatal projections), and descending pathways from the striatopallidal system to the midbrain tectum and reticular formation. The connectional similarities are paralleled by similarities in the distribution of chemical markers of striatal and pallidal structures such as dopamine, substance P and enkephalin, as well as by similarities in development and expression of homeobox genes. On the other hand, a major evolutionary trend is the progressive involvement of the cortex in the processing of the thalamic sensory information relayed to the BG of tetrapods. By using the comparative approach, new insights have been gained with respect to certain features of the BG of vertebrates in general, such as the segmental organisation of the midbrain dopaminergic cell groups, the occurrence of large numbers of dopaminergic cell bodies within the telencephalon itself and the variability in, among others, connectivity and chemoarchitecture. However, the intriguing question whether the basal forebrain organisation of nontetrapods differs essentially from that observed in tetrapods still needs to be answered.

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“…In contrast, neither CCK8+ nor choline@ nonpyramidal neurons of radial morphology have been found in lizard cortex (Perez-Clause11 and Fredens, 1988;Reiner, 1991Reiner, , 1992. Lizards do, however, appear to possess a population of cholinergic nonpyramidal cortical neurons that are absent in mammals and turtles (Hoogland and Vermeulen-VanderZee, 1990;Medina et al, 1993). The localization of VIP+, SP+, glutamate@ and enkephaliner~c neurons in liird cortex is uncertain (Perez-Clause11 and Fredens, 1988;Reiner, 1991Reiner, ,1992.…”

Section: Cellular Anatomy and Neurochemistry Of Turtle Telencephalic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter organization and connections of turtle cortex: implications for the evolution of mammalian isocortex

Reiner

1993

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology

116

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Abstract-Telencephalic cortex in turtles is a simple three layered-structure. The dorsal most part of this structure is thought to resemble the reptilian forerunner of at least parts of mammalian isocortex. This dorsal part of turtle cortex contains several functionally distinct regions that show similarity in their connections and function to specific areas in mammalian isocortex. The types of neurons found in turtle dorsal cortex (as defined by their morphology and neurotransmitter content) also show great similarity to those observed in mammals, with the major exception that turtle cortex appears to lack the types of neurons found in granular and supragranular layers of mammalian isocortex. Similar results have also been observed in other living reptiles. Thus, one major step in the evolution of reptilian cortex into mammalian cortex must have been the addition of the types of neurons found in the granular and supragranular layers of mammalian isocortex. These observations for turtles also suggest that turtle cortex in particular and reptilian telencephalic cortex in general must differ functionally from mammalian isocortex with respect to those features associated with the laminar and columnar organization of isocortex. These issues are discussed in more detail below and in Reiner (1991).

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Distribution of Choline Acetyltransferase Immunoreactivity in the Telencephalon of the Lizard <i>Gekko gecko</i>

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Convergence of Thalamic and Cholinergic Projections in the ‘Dentate Area’ of Lizards

Convergence of Thalamic and Cholinergic Projections in the ‘Dentate Area’ of Lizards

Evolution of the basal ganglia: new perspectives through a comparative approach

Neurotransmitter organization and connections of turtle cortex: implications for the evolution of mammalian isocortex

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