Distribution of chlorophenolics in a marine environment

Xie, Tian; Abrahamsson, Katarina; Fogelqvist, Elisabet; Josefsson, Björn

doi:10.1021/es00147a003

Cited by 71 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In addition, bromophenolic compounds are natural products of a variety of marine organisms including many species of marine macroalgae (reviews by Butler & Walker 1993, Gribble 1999 and infaunal polychaetes and hemichordates (Woodin et al 1987, Chen et al 1991, Woodin 1991, Steward et al 1992, 1995, Fielman et al 1999, Gribble 1999. These anthropogenic and biogenic phenolic and halophenolic compounds can accumulate to significant levels in surficial sediments (Karickhoff et al 1979, Schellenberg et al 1984, King 1986, Xie et al 1986, Lincoln et al 2002, and at least some of these compounds, at concentrations found in sediments, are demonstrably toxic to some of the sediment biota (Woodin 1991, Woodin et al 1993. Steward et al (1992) demonstrated that elevated bromophenol concentrations produced by the infaunal marine polychaete Notomastus lobatus were not inhibitory to benthic microalgal populations associated with exposed sediments in the North Inlet estuary, a salt-marsh estuary near Georgetown, South Carolina, USA.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other types of phenolic compounds that can be found in nearshore marine systems include a variety of halophenols. Chlorinated phenolic compounds, such as chlorophenols, chloroguiacols, and chlorocatechols, have numerous anthropogenic sources, including pulp mill effluent (Kringstad & Linström 1984, Xie et al 1986, Häggblom & Salkinoja-Salonen 1991, agricul-tural and residential runoff (Ahlborg & Thunberg 1980), and sewage and wastewater discharges (Chapman et al 1996). In addition, bromophenolic compounds are natural products of a variety of marine organisms including many species of marine macroalgae (reviews by Butler & Walker 1993, Gribble 1999 and infaunal polychaetes and hemichordates (Woodin et al 1987, Chen et al 1991, Woodin 1991, Steward et al 1992, 1995, Fielman et al 1999, Gribble 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance of the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. to toxicity of phenolic compounds

Lovell¹,

Eriksen²,

Lewitus³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In many nearshore marine systems, microalgae can be chronically exposed to anthropogenic and biogenic phenolic and halophenolic compounds that accumulate in surficial sediments. Although biodegradation of some phenolic compounds has been demonstrated in freshwater algae, this capability has not been tested in marine species. We examined a ubiquitous marine diatom, Thalassiosira sp. HP9101, for its capacity to tolerate, and/or utilize phenol and benzoic acid. We also examined the aromatic ring cleavage reactions of this diatom and its capacity to dechlorinate chlorophenolic compounds. Axenic Thalassiosira sp. cultures were grown at 60 µE m -2 s -1 (12:12 h light:dark cycle) in the presence or absence of phenol, benzoate, catechol or protocatechuate and their growth kinetics and physiological responses determined. Thalassiosira sp. was inhibited by catechol and protocatechuate. Growth in the presence of 1 mM phenol was observed only after an extended lag and was quite slow. Growth in the presence of 0.25 mM phenol occurred after a much shorter lag and phenol was taken up by these cultures at an estimated rate of 0.08 fmol phenol cell . No inhibition of Thalassiosira sp. by 1 mM benzoate was observed. Growth stimulation by added phenolic substrates was not demonstrated, although phenol-supplemented Thalassiosira sp. produced substantial levels of protocatechuate 3, 4-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 4, 5-dioxygenase, the ortho-and meta-pathway aromatic ring cleavage enzymes, respectively. Only protocatechuate 4, 5-dioxygenase activity was detected in Thalassiosira sp. grown with 1 mM benzoate. Phenol supplemented Thalassiosira sp. was also capable of dechlorinating monochlorophenols, 3, 5-dichlorophenol, and 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol. These reactions were NADH-dependent and were not observed in control cultures grown without phenol. KEY WORDS: Benthic microalgae · Marine diatom · Phenol · Aromatic ring cleavage · Haloaromatics · Dehalogenation Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 229: [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] 2002 tural and residential runoff (Ahlborg & Thunberg 1980), and sewage and wastewater discharges (Chapman et al. 1996). In addition, bromophenolic compounds are natural products of a variety of marine organisms including many species of marine macroalgae (reviews by Butler & Walker 1993, Gribble 1999 and infaunal polychaetes and hemichordates (Woodin et al. 1987, Chen et al. 1991, Woodin 1991, Steward et al. 1992, 1995, Fielman et al. 1999, Gribble 1999. These anthropogenic and biogenic phenolic and halophenolic compounds can accumulate to significant levels in surficial sediments (Karickhoff et al. 1979, Schellenberg et al. 1984, King 1986, Xie et al. 1986, Lincoln et al. 2002, and at least some of these compounds, at concentrations found in sediments, are demonstrably toxic to some of the sediment biota (Woodin 1991, Woodin et al. 1993. Steward et al. (1992) demonstrated that elevated bromophenol concentrations produced by the infa...

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Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. to toxicity of phenolic compounds

Lovell¹,

Eriksen²,

Lewitus³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Nestes processos, normalmente realizados com cloro, é produzido um grande número de compostos organoclorados (Figura 1), muitos dos quais são considerados altamente tóxi-cos, como dioxinas, clorofenóis, clorocatecóis e cloroguaiacóis 16,17 . Embora muitos esforços tenham sido dedicados à substituição do cloro como insumo de branqueamento, com o objetivo de minimizar o teor de compostos organoclorados nos efluentes, o seu impacto ambiental continua sendo bastante preocupante [18][19][20][21] .…”

Section: Aspectos Ambientais Dos Compostos Organocloradosunclassified

Novas tendências para o tratamento de resíduos industriais contendo espécies organocloradas

Freire¹,

Pelegrini²,

Kubota³

et al. 2000

Quím. Nova

146

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, and mainly the low efficiency of the current remediation processes, are important aspects that have been promoted to study new degrading technologies. Among the great number of new physical and chemical alternatives, the photochemical and electrochemical processes have been played an important role, mainly due to their high degradation capacity through relatively low-cost procedures. In these contexts biological processes, the use of white-rot fungi, or even ligninolytic enzymes produced from them, are also very promising alternatives. However, the necessity of long reaction time and the high cost of the enzyme production process are some of the drawbacks that difficult the definitive consolidation of these processes.Keywords: organochloride compounds; industrial effluents; degradation processes. REVISÃO INTRODUÇÃOCom a evolução dos processos industriais e o conseqüente surgimento de inúmeros produtos que rapidamente tornaram-se de primeira necessidade, a atividade industrial adquiriu um caráter essencial na sociedade contemporânea. Embora a sua importância seja indiscutível, a atividade industrial costuma ser responsabilizada, e muitas vezes com justa razão, pelo fenô-meno de contaminação ambiental, principalmente graças a dois fatores de extrema importância: a) o acúmulo de matérias primas e insumos, que envolve sérios riscos de contaminação por transporte e disposição inadequada; e b) ineficiência dos processos de conversão, o que necessariamente implica a geração de resíduos.Embora exista uma preocupação universal em se evitar episódios de contaminação ambiental, estes eventos prejudiciais continuam acontecendo, principalmente porque, em função dos fatores acima comentados, grande parte dos processos produtivos são intrinsecamente poluentes. Ao longo das décadas, a atividade industrial tem produzido rejeitos gasosos, líquidos e sólidos nocivos ao meio ambiente. Substâncias químicas presentes na atmosfera, principalmente compostos organoclorados voláteis produzidos pelo homem, tem colocado em risco a vida na terra através da destruição da camada de ozônio. Da mesma forma, processos industriais que utilizam grandes volumes de água contribuem significativamente com a contaminação dos corpos d'água, principalmente pela ausência de sistemas de tratamento para os grandes volumes de efluentes líquidos produzidos. Dentro deste contexto, uma importante parcela do processo de contaminação pode ser atribuída às atividades das refinarias de petróleo, indústrias químicas, têxteis e papeleiras. No entanto, não menos importante é a contribuição da atividade agrícola, dos esgotos sanitários e dos resíduos domésticos.Em função deste panorama, muitos estudos têm sido realizados buscando desenvolver tecnologias capazes de minimizar o volume e a toxicidade dos efluentes industriais [1][2][3][4][5] . Infelizmente, a aplicabilidade destes tipos de sistemas está subordinada ao desenvolvimento de processos modificados e ao estabelecimento de sistemas de reciclagem de efluentes, atividades que implicam em tecnologias evolutivas e ...

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“…The distribution of chlorophenolics is governed by both their hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. Xie et al 8 have shown that the ionizable phenolic compounds are distrib-uted according to the distribuition ratio (D) rather than Kow. The distribuition ratio depends no only on the pH but also upon the dissociation constant (K a ) and Kow and reflects the fate of the chlorophenols in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Pentachlorophenol and Hexachlorobenzene in Natural Waters Affected by Industrial Chemical Residues

Zuin

Airoldi

Nascimento

et al. 1999

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para a análise simultânea de pentaclorofenol (PCP) e hexaclorobenzeno (HCB) em água natural de subsuperfície proveniente de uma região afetada por resíduos industriais (São Vicente-SP), onde a maior parte da população se utiliza de poços pouco profundos para o abastecimento. A extração líquido-líquido apresentou bons resultados quanto à recuperação e repetibilidade do método. Para o nível de fortificação de 10 ng L -1 de PCP e HCB a recuperação situou-se entre 81.5% e 103.0%, com um desvio padrão relativo de 2.4% a 4.1%. A determinação dos analitos foi efetuada por GC-ECD e/ou GC-MS. Adicionalmente, o limite de quantificação do método foi de 5 ng L -1 para PCP e 2 ng L -1 para HCB, valores que estão abaixo do nível máximo permitido pelas diretrizes da Comunidade Européia para resíduos de pesticidas em água potável.This paper presents the development of a methodology for the simultaneous analysis of pentachlorophenol and hexachlorobenzene in natural waters affected by industrial residues, as its principal goal. Samples were collected in Quarentenário, São Vicente city, where most of the population utilize wells for their supply. The liquid-liquid extraction employed to remove PCP and HCB from the matrix for further identification and quantification, showed very good recovery and repeatability. The recovery range was between 81.5% and 103.0%, with a relative standard deviation of 2.4% and 4.1% for a fortification level of 10 ng L -1 . In addition, organochlorine compounds were determined by GC-ECD and/or GC-MS. The limit of quantification was 5 ng L -1 for PCP and 2 ng L -1 for HCB, which are below the maximum level allowed by the EC directives for pesticide residues in drinking water.

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Distribution of chlorophenolics in a marine environment

Cited by 71 publications

References 31 publications

Resistance of the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. to toxicity of phenolic compounds

Resistance of the marine diatom Thalassiosira sp. to toxicity of phenolic compounds

Novas tendências para o tratamento de resíduos industriais contendo espécies organocloradas

Determination of Pentachlorophenol and Hexachlorobenzene in Natural Waters Affected by Industrial Chemical Residues

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