Distribution of Carbonate in Thin Sections of Dental Enamel

Weatherell, I.A.; Robinson, C.; Hiller, Christopher R.

doi:10.1159/000259538

Cited by 55 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They concluded that structural factors of superficial enamel were important for progression of erosion 16) . The superficial surface and presence of fluorapatite crystals which have a lower solubility than hydroxyapatite crystals of enamel were removed to some extent in the cut enamel 6,10) . The rate of solubility and dissolution in enamel was also increased from the surface to the DEJ because of its mineral gradient 11) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mineral content in enamel can differ depending on the tooth anatomy and age 7) . The fluoride, calcium and phosphorus contents and enamel density tend to decrease from the surface to the inner region [7][8][9] , while the carbonate and magnesium concentrations increase towards the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ) 10) . These differences in mineral gradient can be used to describe about how mineral dissolution from the surface to DEJ can vary 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization

Lin

Kitasako

Nakashima

et al. 2017

Dental Materials Journal

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This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel surfaces to an erosive challenge and to examine the resultant characteristics/morphological changes. Ten extracted human incisors were used for preparation of enamel samples, and samples were immersed in citric acid. After 3 (total 3 min) and 6 cycles (total 6 min) of erosive challenges, surface loss (SL) and morphological changes were measured using scanning microscopy and FIB-TEM. Ca release (CA) and surface hardness (SH) were measured using a calcium-sensitive electrode and hardness tester respectively. Mean values of all measurements were statistically analyzed by using a t-test. Uncut enamel samples had significantly lower SL and greater SH than cut enamel (p<0.01). Cut enamel samples after 3 cycles showed higher CA compared with those from uncut enamel samples (p<0.05). Cut enamel was shown to be more susceptible to acidic dissolution and deeper acid penetration than uncut enamel after erosive demineralization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization

Lin

Kitasako

Nakashima

et al. 2017

Dental Materials Journal

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“…Concentrations rise from the enamel surface from about 2% toward the dentin, where concentrations of 4-6% are found. The gradient is often interrupted by pockets of relatively high concentrations, for example, in fissure enamel in molar teeth (Weatherell et al, 1968a (Robinson et al, 1981). Gradients are often less smooth than those for carbonate, with isolated pockets of high concentration frequently occurring in the vicinity of the dentin where protein concentrations tend to be high.…”

Section: Concentration and Distribution Of Extraneous Materials In Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of these kinds of data suggests that demineralization may, to a large extent, be surface-controlled (Margolis et al, 1999). The large variations in enamel composition, including local concentration gradients of specific mineral ions (Weatherell et al), 1968a, Robinson et al 1971 as well as endogenous organic material (Robinson et al, 1983) and organic acids (Gray, 1962, Featherstone The mineral content of the surface zone is similar to that of sound enamel (Darling, 1961), implying that it is either protected from dissolution compared with underlying tissue or that it forms/reforms during the caries process. The current consensus view is that, for the most part, it occurs by redeposition of material dissolved from deeper layers, with perhaps some contribution from plaque fluid.…”

Section: (B) Pore Structure Of the Caries Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It contains, for example, high concentrations of fluoride, which stabilizes apatite , and low carbonate (Weatherell et at., 1968a;Robinson et al, 1983) and low magnesium (Robinson et al, 1981), which have a reverse, destabilizing effect. This would favor a lower acid solubility for mineral in this tissue region, effectively protecting it from dissolution.…”

Section: (B) Pore Structure Of the Caries Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chemistry of Enamel Caries

Robinson

Shore

Brookes

et al. 2000

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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318

316

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The chemical changes which occur during the process of carious destruction of enamel are complex due to a number of factors. First, substituted hydroxyapatite, the main component of dental enamel, can behave in a very complex manner during dissolution. This is due not only to its ability to accept substituent ions but also to the wide range of calcium phosphate species which can form following dissolution. In addition, the composition, i.e., the extent of substitution, changes throughout enamel in the direction of carious attack, i.e., from surface to interior. Both surface and positively birefringent zones of the lesion clearly illustrate that carious destruction is not simple dissolution. Selective dissolution of soluble minerals occurs, and there is the probability of reprecipitation. The role of fluoride here is crucial in that not only does it protect enamel per se but also its presence in solution means that rather insoluble fluoridated species can form very easily, encouraging redeposition. The role of organic material clearly needs further investigation, but there is the real possibility of both inhibition of repair and facilitation of redeposition. For the future, delivering fluoride deep into the lesion would appear to offer the prospect of improved repair. This would entail a delivery vehicle which solved the problem of fluoride uptake by apatite at the tooth surface. Elucidation of the role of organic material may also reveal putative mechanisms for encouraging repair and/or protecting the enamel mineral.

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The Probable Phase Composition of the Mineral in Sound Enamel and Dentine

Driessens

Verbeeck

1982

Bulletin des Soc Chimique

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A reevaluation of the chemical, physical and physicochemical properties of the mineral in tooth enamel and dentine shows that the current models can not adequately account for the observed characteristics. On the basis of thermodynamical and solid state chemical principles an alternative model for the mineral in tooth enamel and dentine is proposed. Accordinu to the model the tooth enamel mineral consists of a maqnesium whitlockite, a sodium-and carbonate containing apatite and a slightlv carbonated hvdroxyapatite aDproximately in the ratio 1 : 1 : 3 . The latter phase also contains the chloride and fluoride ions of the mineral. The consistency of this three-phase model is discussed. Dentine mineral appears to have qualitatively the same phase composition as bone mineral, although the relative amounts of the three constitutinq mineral phases differ considerably.

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Distribution of Carbonate in Thin Sections of Dental Enamel

Cited by 55 publications

References 3 publications

A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization

A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization

The Chemistry of Enamel Caries

The Probable Phase Composition of the Mineral in Sound Enamel and Dentine

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