Distribution of Calcareous, Siliceous and Organic-Walled Planktic Microfossils in Surface Sediments of the Nordic Seas and their Relation to Surface-Water Masses

Matthießen, Jens; Baumann, Karl-Heinz; Schröder‐Ritzrau, Andrea; Hass, Christian; Andruleit, Harald; Baumann, Astrid; Jensen, Stefan; Kohly, Alexander; Pflaumann, Uwe; Samtleben, Christian; Schäfer, Priska; Thiede, Jörn

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56876-3_7

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Preservation of coccolith remains was good to moderate throughout the three studied cores, hereby confirming the overall relatively good preservation of calcareous microfossils in recent sediments of the eastern Nordic Seas (Hebbeln et al, 1998;Matthiessen et al, 2001). Bulk coccolith concentrations throughout the investigated time interval range from 25 ± 10 × 10 8 specimens g −1 of dry sediment (sp g −1 dry sed) in the Vøring Plateau area, to a minimum of 1 ± 0.5 × 10 8 sp g −1 dry sed in the Kveithola Trough region (Fig.…”

Section: Bulk Coccolith Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Coccolith species diversity is typically low as expected for this Arctic/sub-Arctic setting (e.g., Baumann et al, 2000;Matthiessen et al, 2001). The dominance is shared between C. pelagicus and E. huxleyi in sediments of the two northernmost cores HH11-134-BC and JM09-KA11-GC whereas the latter species always contributes to > 50 % of the total assemblages over the last 3000 yr off Norway (MD95-2011) (Fig.…”

Section: Species Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Northward advection of Atlantic water in the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr

et al. 2013

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Three marine sediment cores distributed along the Norwegian (MD95-2011), Barents Sea (JM09-KA11-GC), and Svalbard (HH11-134-BC) continental margins have been investigated in order to reconstruct changes in the poleward flow of Atlantic waters (AW) and in the nature of upper surface water masses within the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr. These reconstructions are based on a limited set of coccolith proxies: the abundance ratio between Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus, an index of Atlantic vs. Polar/Arctic surface water masses; and Gephyrocapsa muellerae, a drifted coccolith species from the temperate North Atlantic, whose abundance changes are related to variations in the strength of the North Atlantic Current.

The entire investigated area, from 66 to 77° N, was affected by an overall increase in AW flow from 3000 cal yr BP (before present) to the present. The long-term modulation of westerlies' strength and location, which are essentially driven by the dominant mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), is thought to explain the observed dynamics of poleward AW flow. The same mechanism also reconciles the recorded opposite zonal shifts in the location of the Arctic front between the area off western Norway and the western Barents Sea–eastern Fram Strait region.

The Little Ice Age (LIA) was governed by deteriorating conditions, with Arctic/Polar waters dominating in the surface off western Svalbard and western Barents Sea, possibly associated with both severe sea ice conditions and a strongly reduced AW strength. A sudden short pulse of resumed high WSC (West Spitsbergen Current) flow interrupted this cold spell in eastern Fram Strait from 330 to 410 cal yr BP. Our dataset not only confirms the high amplitude warming of surface waters at the turn of the 19th century off western Svalbard, it also shows that such a warming was primarily induced by an excess flow of AW which stands as unprecedented over the last 3000 yr

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Section: Bulk Coccolith Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Species Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Northward advection of Atlantic water in the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr

et al. 2013

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“…Since they are at the basis of the marine food chain, their assemblage composition and abundances also provide key information on regional paleo-productivity. Unlike the organic-walled cysts of dinoflagellates, which are generally well preserved in the sediment (see, however, Zonneveld et al, 2008), the calcareous (e.g., foraminifera and ostracods) and siliceous (e.g., diatoms and chrysophyte cysts) microfossils can be susceptible to dissolution at high latitudes (e.g., Koç et al, 1993;Matthiessen et al, 2001;Schroeder-Adams & van Rooyen, 2011;Seidenkrantz et al, 2007;Zamelczyk et al, 2012). The absence of siliceous and calcareous fossils from the sediment can therefore be interpreted either as a result of dissolution or low pelagic productivity.…”

Section: Citationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking the Modern Distribution of Biogenic Proxies in High Arctic Greenland Shelf Sediments to Sea Ice, Primary Production, and Arctic‐Atlantic Inflow

et al. 2018

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The eastern north coast of Greenland is considered to be highly sensitive to the ongoing Arctic warming, but there is a general lack of data on modern conditions and in particular on the modern distribution of climate and environmental proxies to provide a baseline and context for studies on past variability. Here we present a detailed investigation of 11 biogenic proxies preserved in surface sediments from the remote High Arctic Wandel Sea shelf, the entrance to the Independence, Hagen, and Danmark fjords. The composition of organic matter (organic carbon, C:N ratios, δ13C, δ15N, biogenic silica, and IP25) and microfossil assemblages revealed an overall low primary production dominated by benthic diatoms, especially at the shallow sites. While the benthic and planktic foraminiferal assemblages underline the intrusion of chilled Atlantic waters into the deeper parts of the study area, the distribution of organic‐walled dinoflagellate cysts is controlled by the local bathymetry and sea ice conditions. The distribution of the dinoflagellate cyst Polarella glacialis matches that of seasonal sea ice and the specific biomarker IP25, highlighting the potential of this species for paleo sea ice studies. The information inferred from our multiproxy study has important implications for the interpretation of the biogenic‐proxy signal preserved in sediments from circum‐Arctic fjords and shelf regions and can serve as a baseline for future studies. This is the first study of its kind in this area.

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“…and T. quinqueloba were noted. The two latter species are treated as subpolar species (Bé and Tolderlund, 1971), although T. quinqueloba also could be related to oceanic frontal conditions separating Atlantic and Arctic Water (Johannessen et al, 1994;Matthiessen et al, 2001). The peaks of T. quinqueloba near 9600 cal yr BP were noted previously in the western Barents Sea margin (e.g.…”

Section: Glaciomarine Unit I (Early Holocene;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Weichselian and Holocene palaeoceanography of Storfjordrenna, southern Svalbard

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Multiproxy analyses (including benthic and planktonic foraminifera, δ 18 O and δ 13 C records, grain-size distribution, ice-rafted debris, XRF geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility) were performed on a 14 C-dated marine sediment core from Storfjordrenna, located off of southern Svalbard. The sediments in the core cover the termination of Bølling-Allerød, the Younger Dryas and the Holocene and reflect general changes in the oceanography/climate of the European Arctic after the last glaciation. Grounded ice of the last Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet retreated from the coring site ca. 13 950 cal yr BP. During the transition from the subglacial to glaciomarine setting, Arctic Waters dominated the hydrography in Storfjordrenna. However, the waters were not uniformly cold and experienced several warmer spells. A progressive warming and marked change in the nature of the hydrology occurred during the early Holocene. Relatively warm and saline Atlantic Water began to dominate the hydrography starting from approximately 9600 cal yr BP. Although the climate in eastern Svalbard was milder at that time than at present (smaller glaciers), two periods of slight cooling were observed in 9000-8000 and 6000-5500 cal yr BP. A change in the Storfjordrenna oceanography occurred at the beginning of the late Holocene (i.e. 3600 cal yr BP) synchronously with glacier growth on land and enhanced bottom current velocities. Although cooling was observed in the Surface Water, Atlantic Water remained present in the deeper portion of the water column of Storfjordrenna.

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Distribution of Calcareous, Siliceous and Organic-Walled Planktic Microfossils in Surface Sediments of the Nordic Seas and their Relation to Surface-Water Masses

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

Northward advection of Atlantic water in the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr

Northward advection of Atlantic water in the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr

Linking the Modern Distribution of Biogenic Proxies in High Arctic Greenland Shelf Sediments to Sea Ice, Primary Production, and Arctic‐Atlantic Inflow

Late Weichselian and Holocene palaeoceanography of Storfjordrenna, southern Svalbard

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