Distribution of blood pressure, body mass index and smoking habits in the urban population of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and associations with socioeconomic status

Bovet, Pascal; Ross, Allen G.; Gervasoni, Jean-Pierre; Mkamba, Mashombo; Mtasiwa, Deo; Lengeler, Christian; Whiting, David; Paccaud, Fred

doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.240

Cited by 155 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, our findings provide indirect support for such synergism. On the one hand, the mean BMI and MUAC in this group of TB-infected adults were much lower than those recently reported for the general population in the city of Dar es Salaam (Bovet et al, 2002;Villamor et al, 2002). On the other, HIV/TB coinfected subjects in our study had significantly lower MUAC and AMC than those who were only TB positive.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Wasting and body composition of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to HIV-1 coinfection, socioeconomic status, and severity of tuberculosis

et al. 2005

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Objective: To examine the impact of HIV coinfection, socioeconomic status (SES) and severity of tuberculosis (TB) on the body composition and anthropometric status of adults with pulmonary TB. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Five TB clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Subjects: A total of 2231 adult men and women diagnosed with pulmonary TB, prior to the initiation of anti-TB therapy. Methods: We compared the distribution of anthropometric characteristics including body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skin-fold (TSF), and arm muscle circumference (AMC) by HIV status, SES characteristics, and indicators of TB severity (bacillary density in sputum and Karnofsky performance score). Similar comparisons were carried out with body composition variables from bioelectrical impedance analysis and albumin concentrations, in a subsample of 731 subjects. Results: In multivariate analysis, HIV infection was significantly associated with lower MUAC and AMC in both men and women, but not with BMI or TSF. Compared to HIV-uninfected women, those who were HIV infected had lower body cell mass (BCM) (adjusted difference ¼ À0.85 kg, P ¼ 0.04), intracellular water (À0.68 l, P ¼ 0.04), and phase angle (À0.52, P ¼ 0.02). Albumin concentrations were significantly lower in both men and women infected with HIV. Among HIV-infected men, CD4 cell counts o200/mm 3 were related to lower intracellular water, BCM, fat-free mass and phase angle. Independent of HIV infection, BMI and MUAC were positively related to SES indicators and the Karnofsky performance score; and inversely related to bacillary density. Conclusions: HIV infection is associated with indicators of low lean body mass in adults with TB; socioeconomic factors and TB severity are important correlates of wasting, independent of HIV. Sponsorship: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UO1 AI 45441-01).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Wasting and body composition of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to HIV-1 coinfection, socioeconomic status, and severity of tuberculosis

et al. 2005

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“…The relationship between blood pressure, obesity and socioeconomic status is well known 49 and therefore a similar socioeconomic status seems to yield similar results, irrespective of ethnicity. In addition, we also investigated ethnic and gender differences in leptin levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Carotid cross-sectional wall area is significantly associated with serum leptin levels, independent of body mass index: the SABPA study

et al. 2012

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Hypertension and obesity are serious health burdens in sub-Saharan Africa. Urbanized Africans seem to be more susceptible to the development of these diseases than Caucasians. Current research suggests that leptin may be an important contributor to the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate leptin levels and their associations with cardiovascular function in urbanized Africans and Caucasians. Serum leptin, ambulatory blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness were measured, and the cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) was calculated. The results showed that Africans had higher leptin levels (Po0.001), ambulatory blood pressure (Po0.001), carotid intima-media thickness (Po0.01) and CSWA (Po0.01) than Caucasians. As we found no interaction between ethnicity and gender for the association between leptin and the cardiovascular variables, we focused mainly on the total group of Africans and Caucasians. In single, partial and multiple regression analyses, positive associations of ambulatory systolic blood pressure (b ¼ 0.256; Po0.001), diastolic blood pressure (b ¼ 0.143; P ¼ 0.012), pulse pressure (b ¼ 0.327; Po0.001) and CSWA (b ¼ 0.107; P ¼ 0.038) with leptin were observed. Even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), the association between CSWA (b ¼ 0.107; P ¼ 0.038) and leptin remained. Our findings therefore suggest that leptin may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, independent of BMI.

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“…Interaction terms were defined as significant if Po0. 15. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since few recent studies have examined relationships between SES and CVD risk factors in developing countries, however, it is uncertain to what extent emerging obesity patterns reflect the distribution of these disorders. [11][12][13][14][15] This paper examines how income is related to prevalent obesity and two CVD risk factorsFdiabetes and hypertensionFamong adults in Jamaica, a middle-income developing country in the Caribbean. We describe the income distributions of both general and central obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher income is more strongly associated with obesity than with obesity-related metabolic disorders in Jamaican adults

Mendez¹,

Cooper

Luke

et al. 2004

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE: This study compares how income is related to obesity vs two obesity-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factorsFdiabetes and hypertensionFin adults from Jamaica. DESIGN: A cross-sectional population-based survey was used. In total, 847 men and 1249 women aged 25-74 y were randomly recruited from a periurban area in 1993-1998. MEASUREMENTS: Trained interviewers measured anthropometry and blood pressure, obtained fasting blood and collected selfreported data on income and disease history. RESULTS: Income was strongly and positively associated with obesity in men. In women, obesity levels were high even among the very poor, and the income gradient was more moderate. Although obesityFand particularly central fatnessFwas strongly associated with diabetes and hypertension prevalence, income was not significantly related to these disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Future research in developing countries should independently explore associations between income and obesity vs obesity-related disorders, and identify factors that explain any disparities.

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Distribution of blood pressure, body mass index and smoking habits in the urban population of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and associations with socioeconomic status

Cited by 155 publications

References 27 publications

Wasting and body composition of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to HIV-1 coinfection, socioeconomic status, and severity of tuberculosis

Wasting and body composition of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to HIV-1 coinfection, socioeconomic status, and severity of tuberculosis

Carotid cross-sectional wall area is significantly associated with serum leptin levels, independent of body mass index: the SABPA study

Higher income is more strongly associated with obesity than with obesity-related metabolic disorders in Jamaican adults

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