Distribution of Blood (Fe
            <sup>59</sup>
            ) and Plasma (I
            <sup>131</sup>
            ) Volumes of Rats Determined by Liquid Nitrogen Freezing

Everett, N. B.; Simmons, Barbara S.; Lasher, Earl P.

doi:10.1161/01.res.4.4.419

Cited by 233 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…Corrected v b (2.47 Ϯ 0.65%) agreed with other reports, especially those in rabbit tibialis anterior (2.1 Ϯ 0.7%) (14), the most similar to the muscle analyzed in our study. It is noteworthy that our v b agreed with those obtained using entirely different methods, such as a steady-state MRI (1.5 Ϯ 1.0%) (16) or autoradiography technique (2.29 Ϯ 0.28%) (17). Despite the use of corrected AIFs, our v b results may be slightly lower than the truth, due to potential effects of water exchange and since the true v b is known to be an upper bound on Patlak's estimate (18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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T₁ measurement of flowing blood and arterial input function determination for quantitative 3D T₁‐weighted DCE‐MRI

Cheng

2007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To propose a simple, accurate method for measuring T 1 in flowing blood and the arterial input function (AIF), and to evaluate the impact on dynamic contrastenhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) quantification of pharmacokinetic parameters. Materials and Methods:A total of 10 rabbits were scanned at 1.5 Tesla and administered a bolus of Gadomer. Preinjection T 1 and AIF measurements were acquired in the iliac arteries using a rapid three-dimensional (3D) spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) approach. Correction was made for imperfect B 1 fields, in-flow, and partial volume effects. DCE-MRI parameters blood volume (v b ) and endothelial transfer constant (K trans ) in resting skeletal muscle were estimated from pharmacokinetic analysis using individually measured AIFs. Literature comparisons were made to assess accuracy.Results: Blood T 1 was more accurate and precise after correction for B 1 and partial volume errors (1267 Ϯ 72 msec). Measured AIFs followed reported biexponential decay characteristics for Gadomer clearance in rabbits. Parameters v b (2.47 Ϯ 0.65%) and K trans (3.6 Ϯ 1.0 ϫ 10 -3 minute -1 ) derived from AIFs based on corrected blood T 1 s were more reproducible and in better agreement with literature values. Conclusion:The proposed method enables accurate in vivo blood T 1 and AIF measurements and can be easily implemented in a range of DCE-MRI applications to improve both the accuracy and reproducibility of pharmacokinetic parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Agreement was found, particularly with AIFs derived from corrected preinjection blood T 1 . Figure 5 compares this study to literature values for muscle (14,16,17). Better agreement was obtained for parameters derived from corrected AIFs.…”

Section: Mri Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

T₁ measurement of flowing blood and arterial input function determination for quantitative 3D T₁‐weighted DCE‐MRI

Cheng

2007

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…The 2-phosphate of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3DPG) has a chemical shift in the same region as Pi [30] and it has been suggested that it contributes to signal in this region [ 131. The concentration of 2,3-DPC in the erythrocytes of the rat is -7 mM [3 l] and the brain blood volume is -3% [32]. Assuming a haematocrit of 40% and a uniform distribution of blood throughout the brain, the concentration of 2,3DPC which we would detect by NMR would be <5% of the mean estimated Pi concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

³¹P NMR saturation transfer measurements of the steady state rates of creatine kinase and ATP synthetase in the rat brain

1982

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“…4 ml 100 g -1, while Shockley and LaManna (1988), using transit time measurements, measured a whole brain CBV of 3.4 ml 100 g -1. Everett et al (1956) killed rats by immersion in liquid N2 and obtained values of 3.0 ml 100 g-l.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Fixation for the Determination of Cerebral Blood Volume in Rats

Todd

Weeks

Warner

1993

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary:The cerebral blood volume (CBV) is sensitive to changing hydrostatic pressures. Thus, measurement methods that rely on removing tissue from unfixed brain may lead to underestimates of the CBV due to the loss of blood from the tissue. In situ fixation of tissue before removal may offer improved accuracy. We employed a triple-label method to measure simultaneously whole brain CBF and CBV in halothane-anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats, which were then killed either by focused microwave irradiation (=8 kW of incident power x 770 ms) or by decapitation. CBF was measured with eHJni cotine while the CBV was determined as the sum of the cerebral red cell volume (CRCV-measured with 99mTc_ labeled red cells) and the cerebral plasma volume (CPV measured with [14C]dextran). Animals were studied dur ing hypocarbic (Paco2 = 25 mm Hg), normocarbic, or hypercarbic (P aco2 = 70 mm Hg) conditions. AddedThe cerebral blood volume (CBV) is measured by determining the brain distribution space for nondif fusible red cell and/or plasma markers. Typical trac ers include 51Cr_, 99mTc_, or Cl50-labeled red cells, or 99mTc_ or radioiodine-labeled albumin. In hu mans and in large animals, the brain concentration of such radioactive compounds can be determined in vivo by external detectors (Risberg et aI., 1969; Phelps et aI., 1979; Lammertsma et aI., 1984; Pow ers and Raichle, 1985; Sakai et aI., 1985; Artru, 1988; Archer et aI., 1990). If the arterial concentra- 328 studies were performed to verify that the microwave ir radiation scheme used was capable of fixing previously administered tracers in place, and also halting the entry of tracer given after irradiation. Results indicate that the method of killing had no effects on CBF measurements, as assessed either by absolute values during normocarbia or responsiveness to changing Paco2. However, all three volume measurements made using nondiffusible tracers (CRCV, CPV, and CBV) were significantly lower in ani mals killed by decapitation. Furthermore, CO2 respon siveness for all three variables (as assessed by the slope of the P aco2/volume) was not evident in decapitated ani mals. We conclude that in situ fixation offers significant advantages when examining the cerebral distribution space of nondiffusible tracers.

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Distribution of Blood (Fe ⁵⁹ ) and Plasma (I ¹³¹ ) Volumes of Rats Determined by Liquid Nitrogen Freezing

Abstract: A standard method is described wliich gives reproducible blood volume values for rats and their various organs and tissues.

Cited by 233 publications

References 0 publications

T₁ measurement of flowing blood and arterial input function determination for quantitative 3D T₁‐weighted DCE‐MRI

T₁ measurement of flowing blood and arterial input function determination for quantitative 3D T₁‐weighted DCE‐MRI

³¹P NMR saturation transfer measurements of the steady state rates of creatine kinase and ATP synthetase in the rat brain

Microwave Fixation for the Determination of Cerebral Blood Volume in Rats

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Distribution of Blood (Fe 59 ) and Plasma (I 131 ) Volumes of Rats Determined by Liquid Nitrogen Freezing

Abstract: A standard method is described wliich gives reproducible blood volume values for rats and their various organs and tissues.

Cited by 233 publications

References 0 publications

T1 measurement of flowing blood and arterial input function determination for quantitative 3D T1‐weighted DCE‐MRI

T1 measurement of flowing blood and arterial input function determination for quantitative 3D T1‐weighted DCE‐MRI

31P NMR saturation transfer measurements of the steady state rates of creatine kinase and ATP synthetase in the rat brain

Microwave Fixation for the Determination of Cerebral Blood Volume in Rats

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Product

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Distribution of Blood (Fe ⁵⁹ ) and Plasma (I ¹³¹ ) Volumes of Rats Determined by Liquid Nitrogen Freezing

T₁ measurement of flowing blood and arterial input function determination for quantitative 3D T₁‐weighted DCE‐MRI

T₁ measurement of flowing blood and arterial input function determination for quantitative 3D T₁‐weighted DCE‐MRI

³¹P NMR saturation transfer measurements of the steady state rates of creatine kinase and ATP synthetase in the rat brain