Distribution of bedrock and alluvial channels in forested mountain drainage basins

Montgomery, David R.; Abbe, Tim; Buffington, John M.; Peterson, N. Phil; Schmidt, Kevin M.; Stock, J. D.

doi:10.1038/381587a0

Cited by 319 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Best fit power laws are given for distance-area and areawidth plots. In Figure 6d, the grey line shows the critical slope area for the bedrock-alluvial transition suggested by Montgomery et al [1996]. choice and the uncertainty it induces in the results is treated in section 7.…”

Section: Modeling Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data show a large scatter that illustrates the fact that none of the streams studied is in equilibrium [Goldrick, 1999]. On Figure 6d, the empirical critical slope-area relationship for the bedrockalluvial transition in Olympic Mountains (NW United States) drainage basins S t = 70 A À0.5 [Montgomery et al, 1996] is also plotted. Although there is no a priori reason why the Lachlan catchment, with its very different climate, lithology, and vegetation should follow the same rule, the data generally plot relatively close to the above relationship.…”

Section: Present-day Hydraulic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cenozoic river profile development in the Upper Lachlan catchment (SE Australia) as a test of quantitative fluvial incision models

2003

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[1] We have used early Miocene valley-filling basalts to reconstruct fluvial long profiles in the Upper Lachlan catchment, SE Australia, in order to use these as well-constrained initial conditions in a forward model of fluvial incision. Many different fluvial incision algorithms have been proposed, and it is not clear at present which one of these best captures the behavior of bedrock rivers. We test five different formulations; the ability of these models to reproduce the observed present-day stream profiles and amounts of incision is assessed using a weighted-mean misfit criterion as well as the structure of the misfit function. The results show that for all models, parameter combinations can be found that reproduce the amounts of incision reasonably well. However, for some models, these best fit parameter combinations do not seem to have a physical significance, whereas for some others, best fit parameter combinations are such that the models tend to mimic the behavior of other models. Overall, best fit model predictions are obtained for a detachment-limited stream power model or an ''undercapacity'' model that includes a river width term that varies as a function of drainage area. The uncertainty in initial conditions does not have a strong impact on model outcomes. The model results suggest, however, that lithological variation may be responsible for variations in parameter values of a factor of 3-5.INDEX TERMS: 1824 Hydrology: Geomorphology (1625); 1815 Hydrology: Erosion and sedimentation; 3210 Mathematical Geophysics: Modeling; 9330 Information Related to Geographic Region: Australia; KEYWORDS: landscape evolution, bedrock rivers, fluvial incision models, river long-profile development, SE Australia Citation: van der Beek, P., and P. Bishop, Cenozoic river profile development in the Upper Lachlan catchment (SE Australia) as a test of quantitative fluvial incision models,

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Section: Modeling Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Present-day Hydraulic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic river profile development in the Upper Lachlan catchment (SE Australia) as a test of quantitative fluvial incision models

2003

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“…Once in the stream, wood affects a number of stream functions, including sediment storage and the creation of alluvial reaches in otherwise bedrock channels (Montgomery et al 1996), formation of pools (Beechie and Sibley 1997;Montgomery and Buffington 1997;Montgomery et al 1995), increased retention of organic matter and nutrients (Bilby 1981;Flores et al 2011), and island formation in large floodplain channels (Fetherston et al 1995;Gurnell et al 2001;Montgomery and Abbe 2006).…”

Section: Wood Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood placement in river restoration: fact, fiction, and future direction

Roni

Beechie

Pess

et al. 2015

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

191

211

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Despite decades of research on wood in rivers, the addition of wood as a river restoration technique remains controversial. We reviewed the literature on natural and placed wood to shed light on areas of continued debate. Research on river ecology demonstrates that large woody debris has always been a natural part of most rivers systems. Although a few studies have reported high structural failure rates (>50%) of placed instream wood structures, most studies have shown relatively low failure rates (<20%) and that placed wood remains stable for several years, though long-term evaluations of placed wood are rare. The vast majority of studies on wood placement have reported improvements in physical habitat (e.g., increased pool frequency, cover, habitat diversity). Studies that have not reported improvements in physical habitat often found that watershed processes (e.g., sediment, hydrology, water quality) had not been addressed. Finally, most evaluations of fish response to wood placement have shown positive responses for salmonids, though few studies have looked at long-term watershed-scale responses or studied a wide range of species.Résumé : Malgré des décennies de recherche sur le bois dans les rivières, l'ajout de bois comme technique de restauration demeure controversé. Nous avons passé en revue la documentation sur le bois naturel et mis en place pour faire la lumière sur les enjeux qui font toujours l'objet de débat. La recherche en écologie fluviale démontre que les grands débris ligneux ont toujours constitué une composante naturelle de la plupart des réseaux fluviaux. Si quelques études ont signalé des taux élevés de défaillance structurale (>50 %) des structures en bois mises en place dans des cours d'eau, la plupart des études ont noté des taux de défaillance assez faibles (<20 %) et montré que le bois mis en place dans les cours d'eau demeurait stable pendant plusieurs années, les évaluations à long terme du bois mis en place étant toutefois rares. La grande majorité des études sur la mise en place de bois font état d'améliorations de l'habitat physique (p. ex. fréquences accrues de mouilles, couvert, diversité des habitats). Bon nombre des études n'ayant pas constaté d'amélioration de l'habitat physique notaient que les processus hydrographiques (p. ex. sédiments, hydrologie, qualité de l'eau) n'avaient pas été pris en considération. Enfin, si la plupart des évaluations de la réaction des poissons à la mise en place de bois ont relevé des réactions positives en ce qui concerne les salmonidés, peu d'études ont examiné les réactions à long terme à l'échelle du bassin versant ou étudié un grand éventail d'espèces. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…These impoundments typically fill with sediment to form steps and force nominally bedrock channels to be alluvial (Montgomery et al, 1996(Montgomery et al, , 2003bMassong and Montgomery, 2000; figure 2). Wood thus affects amounts and patterns of sediment storage in drainage networks (Swanson and Lienkaemper, 1978;Marston, 1982;Nakamura and Swanson, 1993;Lancaster et al, 2001;May and Gresswell, 2003) and also affects smaller features such as the locations and morphologies of pools (Buffington et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%