Distribution of Bacteria Influential on the Development andthe Decay of Gymnodinium nagasakiense Red Tide and Their Effects on Algal Growth.

Fukami, Kimio; Nishijima, Toshitaka; Murata, Hiroshi; Doi, Satoshi; Hata, Yoshihiko

doi:10.2331/suisan.57.2321

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…These bacterial-algal interactions can be inhibitory or stimulatory as reported by Fukami et al (1991), who observed that the native microbial community associated with Gymnodinium (= Karenia) mikimotoi was able to stimulate the growth of this dinoflagellate while inhibiting the growth of a potentially co-occurring diatom, Skeletonema costatum. In the specific case of algicidal bacteria, their role in regulating HAB population dynamics remains uncertain and an area of active investigation driven, in part, by their potential use in management and mitigation strategies (Doucette et al 1998, Mayali & Azam 2004, Hare et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of microbial interactions on the susceptibility of Karenia spp. to algicidal bacteria

Roth¹,

Mikulski²,

Doucette³

2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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A bacterial strain (D38BY) belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae and antagonistic towards an algicidal bacterium (strain S03; Flavobacteriaceae) was isolated from a culture of the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis that had previously been characterized as resistant to attack by strain S03. This antagonistic bacterium increased the survival time of otherwise susceptible, bacteriafree K. brevis cultures in a concentration-dependent manner during exposure to the algicidal bacterium. Experimental evidence indicated that direct contact was required in order for strain D38BY to inhibit the killing activity of algicidal strain S03. While further work is needed to determine its precise mode of action, the antagonistic properties of strain D38BY provide further evidence that the resistance or susceptibility of certain algal taxa to algicidal attack can be more a function of interactions within the ambient microbial community than an intrinsic property of the alga. KEY WORDS: Algicidal bacteria · Antagonism · CFB complex · Karenia brevis · Microbial interactions Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 50: [251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259] 2008 Previous studies have shown that bacteria in contact with organic matter have a greater tendency to inhibit the growth of other bacteria (Nair & Simidu 1987, Burgess et al. 1999. Long & Azam (2001) reported that the number of bacterial strains inhibited by attached bacteria was approximately 3 times higher than those adversely affected by free-living bacteria. Grossart et al. (2004) found that over 50% of strains isolated from marine aggregates were capable of inhibiting at least 1 other bacterium. Although these studies highlight the contributions of attached bacteria, free-living microbes also warrant consideration. Mayali & Doucette (2002) showed that resistance and susceptibility to an algicidal bacterium could be transferred among cultures of the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis simply by exchanging the native freeliving microbial communities associated with susceptible and resistant isolates. Their findings implicated interactions among bacteria as a potential mechanism for modulating the killing activity of algicidal strains. The ecological significance of antagonistic or inhibitory interactions between bacteria remains largely speculative. Nonetheless, such interactions could influence competition for nutrients or space (Holmström & Kjelleberg 1999) and lead to changes in microbial species composition that may, in turn, alter the nature and rates of bacterially-mediated carbon cycling (Martinez et al. 1996, Long et al. 2003. A better understanding of these relationships and knowledge of the key species involved are essential for predicting their impacts on marine ecosystems. Our goal was to isolate and characterize the antagonistic microbial component(s) of a Karenia brevis culture responsible for impeding the killing activity of an algicidal bacterium reported as lethal to other ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of microbial interactions on the susceptibility of Karenia spp. to algicidal bacteria

Roth¹,

Mikulski²,

Doucette³

2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…A description of the study site can be found in earlier publications 14,15,37) . In brief, the site is a semi-enclosed shallow water (depth~16-17 m) coastal ecosystem which witnesses only limited water exchange 15) , and experiences pronounced density stratification 14,37) during an annual cycle. Furthermore, the inlet contains a large number of fish rearing cages from which a considerable amount of nutrients is discharged leading to eutrophication of the inlet.…”

Section: Study Site and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Proteolytic Activity in the Surface Sediment of a Eutrophic Inlet.

2001

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The potential aminopeptidase activity (APA) in surface sediment (0-1 cm), and important ecological factors of a eutrophicated inlet were monitored for one and a half years on a weekly to biweekly basis to elucidate the fluctuations in extracellular hydrolysis of protein during an annual cycle, and main regulating factors on an annual and/or a seasonal basis. APA was estimated in sediment slurry prepared with unamended bottom water, as the V max of the rate of the enzymatic hydrolysis of a coumarine derivative fluorophore at in situ temperatures. APA varied 5-6 fold during the study period with highest values (225-275 nmole AMC h -1 g -1 dry weight) during September-October or early June when the temperature was 22-28°C and dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) (2-4 mg L -1 ) in overlying bottom water were high, and much lower values (ca. 50 nmoles AMC h -1 g -1 dry weight) in July-August or December-February. On an annual basis, APA correlated only marginally (p < 0.05; r = 0.25) with the protein content of the surface sediment and not at all with any other variables. However, it showed highly significant correlations (p < 0.001) with temperature (r = 0.81), and protein content (0.65) in mid December-early June, when temperatures were relatively low (ca. 12-22°C) and DO was abundant (ca. 2-6 mg L -1 ) in overlying bottom water.

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“…In this inlet, there are many mariculture net cages and serious algal bloomings often take place in summer (Fukami et al, 1991b). In such a eutrophic area as Uranouchi-Wan, roles of heterotrophic bacteria as organic decomposers and bacterivorous nanoflagellates would be important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and their importance as the bacterial consumer in a eutrophic coastal seawater

et al. 1996

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Seasonal and vertical changes in abundances of bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), and HNF grazing on bacteria were investigated in a small eutrophic inlet of Uranouchi-Wan throughout the years. Bacterial densities in the surface water ranged from 1.2 to 11 (average 4.3) × 10 6 cells ml -1 with a couple of maxima following the algal blooming. Densities of HNF ranged from 0.54 to 73 (average 16.4) × 10 3 cells ml -1 in the surface, and showed almost similar fluctuation pattern to that of bacteria with a time lag of about 1 to 2 weeks. Grazing rates of HNF on bacteria obtained by FLB method were 4.78 to 16.9 (average 10.3 ± SD 4.8) cells HNF -1 h -1 in the surface layer in summer, and consequent total bacterial consumption rates by HNF fluctuated from 4 to 99 × 10 4 cells ml -1 h -1 . In deeper layers, however, as HNF densities and grazing rates on bacteria were low, the grazing pressure of HNF on bacteria was small. Turnover times of bacteria by HNF grazing in the surface layer were calculated as relatively constant values of 40 to 60 h, however, it decreased to as low as 6 to 7 h when the HNF activity was highest. These results indicate that bacteria grew so actively by consuming organic matter in seawater as to compensate high HNF grazing pressure, and that bacteria and HNF in the microbial loop play important roles on the turnover of substrates in coastal ecosystems.

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Distribution of Bacteria Influential on the Development andthe Decay of Gymnodinium nagasakiense Red Tide and Their Effects on Algal Growth.

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of microbial interactions on the susceptibility of Karenia spp. to algicidal bacteria

Influence of microbial interactions on the susceptibility of Karenia spp. to algicidal bacteria

Extracellular Proteolytic Activity in the Surface Sediment of a Eutrophic Inlet.

Distribution of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and their importance as the bacterial consumer in a eutrophic coastal seawater

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