Distribution of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in rural field, rural village and urban areas of northern China

Abstract

a b s t r a c tAtmospheric PM 10 were measured for 12 months at 18 sites along a 2500 km profile across northern China. Annual mean PM 10 concentrations in urban, rural village, and rural field sites were 180 AE 171, 182 AE 154, and 128 AE 89 mg/m 3 , respectively. The similarities in PM 10 concentrations between urban and rural village sites suggest that strong localized emissions and severe contamination in rural residential areas are derived from solid fuels combustion in households. High PM 10 concentrations in Wuwei and Taiyuan were caused by either sandstorms or industrial activities. Relatively low PM 10 concentrations were observed in coastal areas of Dalian and Yantai. Particulate air pollution was much higher in winter and spring than in summer and fall. Multiple regression analysis indicates that 35% of the total variance can be attributed to sandstorms, precipitation and residential energy consumption. Over 40% of the measurements in both urban and rural village areas exceeded the national ambient air quality standard.

PM2.5-Bound PAHs in Indoor and Outdoor of Hotels in Urban and Suburban of Jinan, China: Concentrations, Sources, and Health Risk Impacts

“…Such as, the total 18 PAHs concentration in fine particles in Nanjing was 50.6 ng m -3 during pre-Spring Festival (Kong et al, 2015); the concentration of PM 2.5 -associated 15 ∑PAHs was 22.54 ng m -3 during the autumn and winter in Nanchang (Liu et al, 2016); and 16 PAHs concentrations in PM 2.5 was 23.7 ng m -3 at Guangzhou with a heating source (Li et al, 2006). The lower PAHs concentration in South China compared with the present study sites may be attributed to the following reasons: no heating demand in winter, high precipitation frequency, and large precipitation intensity in South China (Li et al, 2014b). In addition, the PAHs concentrations in this study were higher than those in many areas of developed countries (Gigliotti et al, 2005;Motelay-Massei et al, 2005;Albinet et al, 2007;Romagnoli et al, 2014).…”

Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

“…Field studies have observed comparable annual mean PM 10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal or smaller than 10 micrometer) concentrations in urban areas (180 ± 171 μg·m −3 ) and rural villages (182 ± 154 μg·m −3 ) at 18 sites across northern China, suggesting that the severe outdoor air pollution in rural areas is partially derived from household solid fuel combustion (21). In 2013, the State Council issued the Action Plan, under which the BTH region is required to achieve a 25% reduction in annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations from the 2012 level by 2017.…”

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Main air pollutants and diabetes-associated mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Secondly, most studies included for the meta-analysis were done in developed countries, and there was only one study from the developing countries. However, the data from developing countries may be more concerning because these regions are affected mostly by air pollution and may have the greatest potential to improve health by controlling air pollution and improving air quality (40). More studies from developing countries are needed to provide a more precise assessment of the influence of air pollution on diabetes-associated mortality.…”