Distribution of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) from the Sea of Japan to the Arctic, and Hg(0) evasion fluxes in the Eastern Arctic Seas: Results from a joint Russian-Chinese cruise in fall 2018

Калинчук, В. В.; Lopatnikov, E. A.; Astakhov, Anatoliy S.; Иванов, М. В.; Hu, Limin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142003

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…(data not shown in Figure ) Our simulations have similar westward increasing trends in the tropical Pacific (12.8 to 13.3 μg·m –2 ·a –1 ) and North Atlantic (10.0 to 19.2 μg·m –2 ·a –1 ). Our model is lower over the polar regions (0–11.8 vs 10.5–24.6 μg·m –2 ·a –1 ), probably caused by the incomplete representation of sea-ice Hg related processes in the model. , Coastal observations are generally high due to riverine discharge of Hg 11 , which is not considered in our model.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…66 In a tropical Pacific cruise study, Soerensen et al found elevated evasion fluxes over the ITCZ in the subtropical ocean but lower fluxes over the equatorial region, consistent with our model. 16 67,68 Coastal observations are generally high due to riverine discharge of Hg 11 , which is not considered in our model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeled multiple-year mean Hg(0) fluxes in the global ocean during 1994–2016. Observed values are shown as color-coded circles. ,,− The black box represents the region of tropical Pacific, while the North Atlantic is marked in the red box.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual Variability of Air–Sea Exchange of Mercury in the Global Ocean: The “Seesaw Effect” in the Equatorial Pacific and Contributions to the Atmosphere

Huang

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Air–sea exchange of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) is influenced by different meteorological factors and the availability of Hg in seawater. Here, we use the MITgcm ocean model to explore the interannual variability of this flux and the influence of oceanographic and atmospheric dynamics. We apply the GEOS-Chem model to further simulate the potential impact of the evasion variability on the atmospheric Hg levels. We find a latitudinal pattern in Hg(0) evasion with a relatively small variability in mid-latitudes (3.1–6.7%) and a large one in the high latitudes and Equator (>10%). Different factors dominate the patterns in the equatorial (wind speed), mid- (oceanic flow and temperature), and high-latitudinal (sea-ice, temperature, and dynamic processes) oceans. A seesaw pattern of Hg(0) evasion anomaly (±5–20%) in the equatorial Pacific is found from November to next January between El Niño and La Niña years, owing to the anomalies in wind speed, temperature, and vertical mixing. Higher atmospheric Hg level (2%–5%) are simulated for Hg(0) evasion fluxes with three-month lag, associated with the suppression of upwelling in the beginning of the El Niño event. Despite of the uncertainties, this study elucidates the spatial patterns of the interannual variability of the ocean Hg(0) evasion flux and its potential impact on atmospheric Hg levels.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual Variability of Air–Sea Exchange of Mercury in the Global Ocean: The “Seesaw Effect” in the Equatorial Pacific and Contributions to the Atmosphere

Huang

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Gaseous Hg fluxes at the WAI were evaluated during summer (July 2020), autumn (October 2020), and spring (May 2021), while it was not possible to take measurements during winter due to restrictions related to the SARS-CoV2 outbreak. A plexiglass openbottom floating flux chamber (FC) consisting of one section 50 × 50 × 50 cm, which sits on the surface, and another section 50 × 50 × 30 cm, which is submerged in the water [66][67][68], coupled with a real-time gaseous Hg analyser (Lumex RA915M, Lumex, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used [69]. The instrument facilitates the determination of GEM in the air over a wide range of concentration (from 2 to 30,000 ng m −3 ).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous Mercury Exchange from Water–Air Interface in Differently Impacted Freshwater Environments

Floreani

Acquavita

Barago

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Gaseous exchanges of mercury (Hg) at the water–air interface in contaminated sites strongly influence its fate in the environment. In this study, diurnal gaseous Hg exchanges were seasonally evaluated by means of a floating flux chamber in two freshwater environments impacted by anthropogenic sources of Hg, specifically historical mining activity (Solkan Reservoir, Slovenia) and the chlor-alkali industry (Torviscosa dockyard, Italy), and in a pristine site, Cavazzo Lake (Italy). The highest fluxes (21.88 ± 11.55 ng m−2 h−1) were observed at Solkan, coupled with high dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) and dissolved Hg (THgD) concentrations. Conversely, low vertical mixing and saltwater intrusion at Torviscosa limited Hg mobility through the water column, with higher Hg concentrations in the deep layer near the contaminated sediments. Consequently, both DGM and THgD in surface water were generally lower at Torviscosa than at Solkan, resulting in lower fluxes (19.01 ± 12.65 ng m−2 h−1). However, at this site, evasion may also be limited by high atmospheric Hg levels related to dispersion of emissions from the nearby chlor-alkali plant. Surprisingly, comparable fluxes (15.56 ± 12.78 ng m−2 h−1) and Hg levels in water were observed at Cavazzo, suggesting a previously unidentified Hg input (atmospheric depositions or local geology). Overall, at all sites the fluxes were higher in the summer and correlated to incident UV radiation and water temperature due to enhanced photo production and diffusivity of DGM, the concentrations of which roughly followed the same seasonal trend.

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“…Atmospheric mercury can enter surface soil and water via dry-wet deposition (Ariya et al, 2004;Harada, 2005). It can also return to the atmosphere via evasion uxes from the water-air and soil-air interfaces, thus forming the global mercury cycle (Kalinchuk et al, 2021;Bowman et al, 2019;Ci et al, 2011;Windham-Myers et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2020). Generally, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) is the primary form of atmospheric mercury, and atmospheric particulate mercury (PHg) often contributes less than 10% to the total atmospheric mercury Fu et al, 2010;Miller et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration and speciation of mercury in atmospheric particulates in the Wuda coal fire area, Inner Mongolia, China

Qian

Liang

Cao

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Coal-seam re is a source of atmospheric mercury that is di cult to control. The Wuda Coal eld in Inner Mongolia, China, is one of the most severe coal re disaster areas in the world and has been burning for more than 50 years. To investigate atmospheric mercury pollution from the Wuda coal re, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and atmospheric particulate mercury (PHg) speciation were measured using a RA-915 + mercury analyzer and the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) method. Near-surface GEM concentrations in the Wuda Coal eld and adjacent urban area were 80 ng m − 3 (65-90 ng m − 3 ) and 52 ng m − 3 (25-95 ng m − 3 ), respectively, which are far higher than the local background value (22 ng m − 3 ). PHg concentrations in the coal eld and urban area also reached signi cantly high levels, at 33 ng m − 3 (25-45 ng m − 3 ) and 22 ng m − 3 (14-29 ng m − 3 ), respectively. There is no clear evidence that PHg combines with organic carbon (OC) or elemental carbon (EC), but PHg concentration appears to be controlled by air acidity. PHg mainly exists in inorganic forms, such as HgCl 2 , HgS, HgO, and Hg(NO 3 ) 2 •H 2 O. This work can provide references for the speciation analysis of atmospheric PHg and the safety assessment of environmental mercury.

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Distribution of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) from the Sea of Japan to the Arctic, and Hg(0) evasion fluxes in the Eastern Arctic Seas: Results from a joint Russian-Chinese cruise in fall 2018

Cited by 17 publications

References 86 publications

Interannual Variability of Air–Sea Exchange of Mercury in the Global Ocean: The “Seesaw Effect” in the Equatorial Pacific and Contributions to the Atmosphere

Interannual Variability of Air–Sea Exchange of Mercury in the Global Ocean: The “Seesaw Effect” in the Equatorial Pacific and Contributions to the Atmosphere

Gaseous Mercury Exchange from Water–Air Interface in Differently Impacted Freshwater Environments

Concentration and speciation of mercury in atmospheric particulates in the Wuda coal fire area, Inner Mongolia, China

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