Distribution of ancient landslides and landslide hazard assessment in the Western Himalayan Syntaxis area

Abstract

The Western Himalayan Syntaxis area is located near the Pamir Plateau. The geological structure is active and geological disasters occur frequently in this area. In this study, we employed the Google Earth platform and visual interpretation to identify ancient landslides in the region and to establish a regional ancient landslide database. Then, nine landslide-influencing factors (elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, distance to the river, distance to a glacier, lithology, distance to fault and distance to the epicenter of earthquakes above magnitude 5) were examined using ArcGIS software. The spatial distribution of landslides were analyzed statistically. Finally, an IV model and WoE model were used to evaluate the regional landslide hazard and the evaluation results were verified via a confusion matrix and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The landslide database contained 7,947 landslides in this area with a total area of 3747.27 km2. Landslides were mostly developed at an elevation of 4,000–5,000 m, a slope of 15–25°, a north aspect, curvature of −0.33 to 0.33, distance to the water system of 1,000–2000 m, distance to a glacier of 2000–5,000 m, Permian sandstone, siltstone, argillaceous sandstone and Triassic siltstone, conglomerate and fine conglomerate, and distance to a fault of 20,000–50,000 m. The accuracy of the IV and WoE models was relatively high. The comprehensive accuracy of the confusion matrix of the two models was above 70% and the AUC value of the ROC curve was above 75%. The landslide database of the Western Himalayan Syntaxis was established and the landslide distribution and hazard assessment results can be used as a reference for landslide disaster prevention and mitigation and engineering construction planning in this area.

Inventory of Landslides in the Northern Half of the Taihang Mountain Range, China

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“…However, ancient landslides have undergone long-term geological processes, and their original appearance characteristics are unclear, making it difficult to quickly and accurately identify them in practice (Zhang et al, 2015;Xu, 2020;Cui et al, 2023). Remote sensing identification of reactivated landslides can achieve over 80% accuracy due to the significant spectral differences between the landslide area and the surrounding environment (Ji et al, 2020).…”

The landslide traces inventory in the transition zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau: a case study of Jianzha County, China

“…The inventory contains a total of 3,422 landslides, providing foundational data for subsequent exploration of the distribution characteristics of largescale landslides in the region. In the western part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Cui et al (2023) employed the Google Earth platform and visual interpretation method to identify landslide traces in the Western Himalayan Syntaxis. They established a landslide traces inventory containing 7,947 landslides.…”