Distribution of Ametropia among Military Beneficiaries

Collins, Randall S.; Berg, Gregory E.

doi:10.7205/milmed.173.9.913

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Quek et al (2004) found a high prevalence of myopia in a Singaporean sample of students from 15 to 19 years old, and Saw et al (2007) found that myopia was associated with better academic performance. Other authors have also found variations in the prevalence of myopia across cultures (Collins & Berg, 2008;Holden et al, 2014;Lam, Lam, Cheng, & Chan, 2012;Logan, Shah, Rudnicka, Gilmartin, & Owen, 2011;Plainis et al, 2009;Saw, 2003;Saw, Katz, Schein, Chew, & Chan, 1996). Quek et al (2004) found the overall prevalence of myopia was 73.9% with moderate myopia (Ϫ1.00 diopters) at 56.1%.…”

Section: Cross-cultural Evidencementioning

confidence: 89%

Myopia is an Adaptive Characteristic of Vision: Not a Disease or Defect

Wielkiewicz

2016

Review of General Psychology

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This article proposes that myopia (nearsightedness) is an adaptive characteristic of human vision. Most theories of the evolution of vision assume myopia is a disease or defect that would have resulted in decreased reproductive fitness in the absence of modern corrective lenses. In contrast, the present article argues that myopic individuals may have played important roles in hunter–gatherer groups such as making tools and weapons, and identifying medicinal plants, contributing to individual and group survival. This idea is called the “adaptive myopia hypothesis.” Evidence favoring this hypothesis is reviewed in the context of the metatheory of evolutionary psychology.

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Section: Cross-cultural Evidencementioning

confidence: 89%

Myopia is an Adaptive Characteristic of Vision: Not a Disease or Defect

Wielkiewicz

2016

Review of General Psychology

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“…Additionally, sex estimation based on the design and style of the eyewear frame is not practical due to unisex products in several manufacturers. The uniqueness of specific refractive errors serves as potential tool for individualization but not in sex estimation [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescription eyeglasses as a forensic physical evidence: Prediction of age based on refractive error measures using machine learning algorithm

Moustafa,

Ghitani,

Kholief

et al. 2024

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Refractive errors (RE) are commonly reported visual impairment problems worldwide. Previous clinical studies demonstrated age‐related changes in human eyes. We hypothesized that the binocular RE metrics including sphere and cylinder power, axis orientation, and interpupillary distance (IPD) can be used for forensic age estimation of an unknown individual. RE data of both eyes were collected from the clinical optometric exams and prescription glasses of 2027 Egyptian individuals aged between 2 to 93 years. The differences between age groups as well as sides, and sexual dimorphism were explored. Two modeling methods were compared: multiple and stepwise linear regression (LR) versus machine learning Regression Forest (RFM). Data were apportioned into training and test datasets with a ratio of 80/20. The results showed significant differences among the age groups in each eye for all variables. Stepwise LR improved the results over models based on the one‐sided lens due to selection of IPD in addition to the left and right axis, and left sphere as independent variables. For the RFM, the left axis and IPD were the most important features. RFM outperformed LR in terms of accuracy and root mean squared error (RMSE). The estimated age within ±10 years showed 81.4% accuracy rate and RMSE = 8.9 years versus 38.5% accuracy rate and RMSE = 17.99 years using RFM and stepwise LR, respectively, in the test set. The current study upholds the significance of the age‐related changes of refractive error in formulating alternative forensic age estimation models when standard methods are unavailable.

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“…In Ugandan soldiers, a higher prevalence rate for myopia was reported (33). Collins and Berg found that the prevalence of myopia is three times higher than that of hyperopia among military beneficiaries in the United States (34). Moreover, the prevalence rate of myopia and hyperopia among refractive errors was 75.8% and 11.7%, respectively, in the study of military service in Poland (35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…ulation. Different evaluations on military individuals and army arrival volunteers have shown that myopia is more frequent than hyperopia in different parts of the world (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). The prevalence of hyperopia (19.6%) was less than that of myopia (37.7%) in Swedish military recruits (31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Army Air Force Soldiers in Isfahan, 2017 - 2018

Aghataheri

Shirzadi

Khosravifard

2018

Ann Mil Health Sci Res

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Background: Refractive errors are a major reason for visual impairments that can occur at any age. One of the most important target populations for refractive errors investigation is the military population. Objectives: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in Iranian Army Air Force soldiers who presented to Shahid Babaee Hospital of Isfahan.Methods: 500 male military soldiers with the age range of 18 to 29 years (mean age ± standard deviation (STD) 19.9 ± 1.6 years) were recruited in the study. We set the spherical equivalent (SE) based on dry retinoscopy cutoff points of -0.50 diopter (D) for myopia and + 0.50 D for hyperopia. The cylinder error of ≥ 0.75 D was considered as astigmatism.Results: The data of 500 consecutive participants complying with the inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed. All the 500 participants were men for whom, the overall prevalence of myopia (SE ≤ -0.50 D), hyperopia (SE ≥ 0.50 D), and astigmatism was 18.8%[95% confidence interval (CI): 15.5 -22.5], 13.4% (95% CI: 10.5 -16.7), and 20.8% (95% CI: 17.3 -24.6), respectively. With-the-rule (WTR) and simple astigmatism were found to be more frequent. Conclusions:The results indicated that the prevalence of refractive errors in Iranian Army Air Force soldiers is significantly high despite the prior screening. Due to their visual activities during the military period, accurate optometric and ophthalmic examinations would be helpful.

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Distribution of Ametropia among Military Beneficiaries

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Myopia is an Adaptive Characteristic of Vision: Not a Disease or Defect

Myopia is an Adaptive Characteristic of Vision: Not a Disease or Defect

Prescription eyeglasses as a forensic physical evidence: Prediction of age based on refractive error measures using machine learning algorithm

Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Army Air Force Soldiers in Isfahan, 2017 - 2018

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