Distribution of ABO and rhesus (D) blood group antigens among blood donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital blood bank in south India

Abstract

Background: The ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group systems are important for transfusion of blood and its components, organ transplantation, genetic studies and in medico-legal issues. Despite the long list of several other blood groups discovered so far, the knowledge and distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood group are essential for effective management of blood bank inventory. Methods: We retrospectively studied the distribution of ABO and Rh blood group antigens in donors presenting to our tertiary care teaching hospital blood bank in south India during the period January 2007 to August 2014. Blood group was determined by commercially available standard monoclonal antisera by test tube agglutination technique. Results: A total of 49,110 donor samples were tested during the study period for ABO grouping and Rh-D typing. Out of these 96.9% were males. The frequency of O, B, A, AB and Bombay blood groups were 41.7%, 32.2% 20%, 6.1% and 0.03% respectively. Rh (D) positive and negative blood groups were seen in 92.8% and 7.2% respectively. The allele frequencies of the I A , I B and I O alleles were 0.1398, 0.2148 and 0.6454 respectively. In case of Rh-D group, the calculated gene frequencies for I D and I d were 0.7321 and 0.2679 respectively. Conclusion: Knowledge of blood group systems as documented in the present study helps in efficient management of blood bank and transfusion services in emergencies.

ABO and Rh (D) blood group phenotype distribution pattern among blood donors at the Nekemte Blood Bank, Oromia, West Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study

“…6,9 The ABO and Rh blood groups of a person are commonly tested for the transfusion of blood and its components and for organ transplantation and genetic studies. 9,12 The most frequently utilised blood group antigens in the clinical environment are ABO and Rh, which are used for preventing transfusion reactions and maternal mortality. 4,5 In vivo haemolysis can be caused by ABO antibodies.…”

“…13 Similarly, haemolytic transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn may occur when an alloimmunised D-negative patient, i.e., a patient who produces an alloantibody directed against the D antigen, is transfused with D-positive red blood cells or when an alloimmunised Dnegative pregnant woman carries a D-positive foetus-with potentially fatal outcomes. 9 The phenotypic and gene distribution frequencies of ABO and Rh vary significantly across racial and geographic boundaries. 6,[14][15][16] Even within the same region, the distribution and frequency of the ABO and Rh blood groups vary by ethnicity.…”

“…Human blood plasma contains reverse antibodies that are specific to ABO antigens 5 given that the ABO blood group antibody does not need prior exposure to red cells to appear and is therefore considered a naturally occurring antibody. 9 The Rh blood group system is currently the most polymorphic blood group system in humans and includes two genes (RHD and RHCE), which encode a total of 56 antigens. The genes RHD and RHCE encode the RhD and RhCE proteins, respectively.…”

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups among the Blood Donors in a Teaching Hospital of Hilly Region, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

“…The distribution of ABO and Rh-D blood groups are critical for effective blood bank inventory management as well as lowering maternal mortality rates. It is also useful in population genetic studies, researching population migration patterns, and resolving certain medico-legal issues, particularly in paternity testing [4]. There are numerous blood group systems based on various blood group antigens, but understanding the distribution of ABO and Rhesus systems at the local and regional levels aids in the effective management of blood stock inventory in blood banks and safe blood transfusion services [4].The frequency distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups varies by race, ethnicity, and region of the world [1].…”

“…It is also useful in population genetic studies, researching population migration patterns, and resolving certain medico-legal issues, particularly in paternity testing [4]. There are numerous blood group systems based on various blood group antigens, but understanding the distribution of ABO and Rhesus systems at the local and regional levels aids in the effective management of blood stock inventory in blood banks and safe blood transfusion services [4].The frequency distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups varies by race, ethnicity, and region of the world [1]. A regular update of the hospital's blood bank inventory is critical for effective management of emergency and routine cases, as well as efficient hospital services [3].…”