Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group Phenotypes Among Blood Donors at Bahir Dar Blood Bank, Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Among the blood group antigens identified, ABO and Rhesus are the most important in transfusion medicine. ABO blood group antigens are the most immunogenic followed by Rhesus (D antigen). These blood groups’ frequency distribution varies among different regions and races of the world. This study aimed to identifying the frequency distribution of ABO blood group and rhesus factors among blood donors in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials Aretrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September 12/2019 to March 18/2021 at Bahir Dar blood bank service. After getting a permission letter from the blood bank, data were collected from the blood bank donor data registration system, and descriptive statistical results were presented in number (frequency) and percentage. A Chi-square test was used to show the difference in the frequency distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among sex and blood donation site. Results From 40,053 blood donors, 67.7% were males and younger donors (within the age range of 18–24 years) account for 63.7%. All donations were from voluntary non-remunerated blood donors. The most common blood group was blood group O (41.5%) followed by A (29.8), B (23.2%), and AB (5.5%). Considering ABO and Rh blood group altogether blood group O positive with 37.9% was the predominant blood group followed by A positive (27.2%), B positive (21.4%), AB positive (5%), O negative (3.6%), A negative (2.6%), B negative (1.8%), and AB negative (0.4%). The majority of study participants were 91.5% Rh (D) positive. Conclusion This study showed that blood group O was the predominant followed by A, B, and AB and most of the blood donors’ blood groups were Rh-positive (91.5%). About 68.9% of the total donations were from the first time donor.

Distribution of ABO and Rh-D Blood Group Antigens Among Blood Donors in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

“…In contrast, this study’s finding was higher than a study conducted in Bangladesh, 19 India, 23 Nigeria, 21 , 22 , 26 Uganda, 6 and Niger 21 which ranged from 1.2% to 6.55%. In contrast, this study is lower than a study conducted in India, 18 and different parts of Ethiopia (Woldia, 16 Gambella, 14 and Bahirdar 10 ) showed that 8.9%, 39.86%, 19.37%, and 8.5% were Rh-D negative, respectively. Further, in this study, the Rh-D negative blood group in Gondar, Debre-Markos, Bahir Dar, and Dessie districts was 9.6% (24/250), 4.46% (12/269), 8.59% (26/303), and 7.5% (16/214), respectively.…”

“…This study is similar to a study conducted in Bahir-Dar. 10 “O” Rh-D positive and “A” were the first two dominant blood groups, while “AB” Rh-D negative and “O” Rh-D negative were the least dominant blood types among blood donors. In contrast to this, a study conducted in India 23 and Pakistan 24 , 25 showed that “B” positive was the dominant blood group followed by the “O” positive blood group.…”

“…This study is similar to a study conducted in India, 18 Bangladesh, 19 Nigeria, 20–22 Uganda, 6 and Ethiopia (Jimma, 13 Gambella, 14 and Bahir-Dar). 10 The studies indicated that the “O” blood group was the most common, and AB was the least common. In contrast to this, a study conducted in India 23 and Pakistan 24 , 25 showed that the “B” blood group was dominant, followed by the “O” blood group.…”

“…According to studies on ABO distribution in Ethiopia, the “O” blood group was the most dominant, followed by the “A” and “B” blood groups. 1 , 10–15 The proportion of the “O” blood group ranged from 21.67% 16 to 47.04%. 15 On the other hand, the “AB” blood group was the least prevalent blood group type, which ranged from 2.87% 12 to 24.7%.…”

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups among the Blood Donors in a Teaching Hospital of Hilly Region, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study

“…The ABO blood groups were the first human blood group system, discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1900 [1]. Based on the presence of antigens on the surface of RBC, individuals are classified into four major blood groups (A, B, AB, and O) [2].…”