Distribution of a Novel Mycolic Acid in Species of the Genus Mycobacterium

Luquin, Marina; Lanéelle, Marie‐Antoinette; Ausina, Vicente; Barceló, Marc; Belda, F. Javier; Alonso, C.; Prats, Guillem

doi:10.1099/00207713-41-3-390

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…to be for the most part species specific (8, 14,17). An examination of the mycolic acids after methylation with diazomethane by one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of a-mycolate, cw '-mycolate, and epoxymycolate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium mageritense sp. nov.

Domenech

Jiménez

Menéndez

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Strains of a new species of rapidly growing, nonphotochromogenic mycobacteria, Mycobacterium mageritense, were isolated from human sputum. The growth characteristics, acid fastness, and mycolic acids of the isolates were consistent with those of Mycobacterium species. The isolates were identified as members of a new species by performing a biochemical analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, and by comparing the sequences of several conserved genes, such as the 16s rRNA, hsp65, and sod4 genes. A phylogenetic analysis in which 16s rRNA and sod4 sequences were used identified M. mageritense as a novel distinct species and placed M. mageritense between members of the Mycobacteriumfortuitm complex and the thermotolerant rapidly growing group. Our results demonstrate that the taxonomic value of sod4 sequence analysis in the genus Mycobacterium is similar to the well-established value of 16s rRNA sequence analysis.Mycobacteria are aerobic, nonmotile bacteria that are widespread in nature and range from soil-dwelling saprophytes to pathogens of humans and animals (10,36). In taxonomic studies of members of the Mycobacteriaceae workers have traditionally relied on biochemical and cultural characteristics (33, 34) together with analyses of fatty acid composition (8) to determine the identity of a new organism. The systematics of these organisms has been refined by techniques such as highperformance liquid chromatography (7), multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (21), DNA-DNA hybridization, and phylogenetic classification based on the evolutionary sequence diversity of one or more universally present genes (26). The most commonly used gene for phylogenetic studies has been the 16s rRNA gene; however, the inability of 16s rRNA gene data to distinguish some closely related species (1) has suggested that other conserved genes, such as hsp65 (31) and sodA (5, 38), should be used. The current general recommendations for descriptions of new mycobacterial species include the need for at least DNA-DNA hybridization, biochemical, and cultural studies to show significant differences from previously described clusters of organisms (15).Mycobacterial strains that could not be identified by conventional identification procedures were isolated from human sputum specimens. Colonization of the respiratory tract was not associated with disease in all cases. In this paper we describe the results of a taxonomic study of these strains and propose a new species, Mycobacterium mageritense. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. Five new strains were studied. Two of these strains (strains 93gT [T = type strain] and 1336) were received in 1987 from the Hospital Cantoblanco in Madrid, Spain; two (strains 1635 and 1636) were received from the same hospital in 1989: and one (strain 1470) was received in 1987 from the Hospital Santa Marina in Pais Vasco, Spain. All of the strains were recovered from sputum specimens from different patients. In addition, we studied the Characterization of strains. Standard methods were used to isolate mycobacte...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium mageritense sp. nov.

Domenech

Jiménez

Menéndez

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…Epoxy-mycolic acids were isolated from Mycobacterium fortuitum [37], M.smegmatis [38] and a number of other species, while a novel ω-1 methoxy-MA has been reported in Mycobacterium porcinum and a number of other bacteria [39].…”

Section: Structural Properties Of Mycolic Acids Of Mycobacterium Specmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards understanding the functional diversity of cell wall mycolic acids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Verschoor

Baird

Grooten

2012

Progress in Lipid Research

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Mycolic acids constitute the waxy layer of the outer cell wall of Mycobacterium spp and a few other genera. They are diverse in structure, providing a unique chromatographic foot-print for almost each of the more than seventy Mycobacterium species. Although mainly esterified to cell wall arabinogalactan, trehalose or glucose, some free mycolic acid is secreted during in vitro growth of M. tuberculosis. In M. tuberculosis, alpha-, keto-and methoxy-mycolic acids are the main classes, each differing in their ability to attract neutrophils, induce foamy macrophages or adopt an antigenic structure for antibody recognition. Of interest is their particular relationship to cholesterol, discovered by their ability to attract cholesterol, to bind Amphotericin B or to be recognised by monoclonal antibodies that cross-react with cholesterol. The structural elements that determine this diverse functionality include the carboxylic acid in the mycolic motif, as well as the nature and stereochemistry of the two functional groups in the merochain. The functional diversity of mycolic acid classes implies that much information may be contained in the selective expression and secretion of mycolic acids to establish tuberculosis after infection of the host. Their cholesteroid nature may relate to how they utilize host cholesterol for their persistent survival.

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“…TLC allows the differentiation of esters of seven known mycolic acid types: type i or ␣-mycolates, type ii or ␣Ј-mycolates, type iii or methoxy-mycolates, type iv or keto-mycolates, (86). The other types are variously distributed among different species; most mycobacteria contain no more than two or three mycolic acid types.…”

Section: Mycolic Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Genotypic Studies on Mycobacterial Taxonomy: the New Mycobacteria of the 1990s

2003

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The advancement of genetic techniques has greatly boosted taxonomic studies in recent years. Within the genus Mycobacterium, 42 new species have been detected since 1990, most of which were grown from clinical samples. Along with species for which relatively large numbers of strains have been reported, some of the new species of mycobacteria have been detected rarely or even only once. From the phenotypic point of view, among the new taxa, chromogens exceed nonchromogens while the numbers of slowly and rapidly growing species are equivalent. Whereas conventional identification tests were usually inconclusive, an important role was played by lipid analyses and in particular by high-performance liquid chromatography. Genotypic investigations based on sequencing of 16S rRNA gene have certainly made the most important contribution. The investigation of genetic relatedness led to the redistribution of the species previously included in the classically known categories of slow and rapid growers into new groupings. Within slow growers, the intermediate branch related to Mycobacterium simiae and the cluster of organisms related to Mycobacterium terrae have been differentiated; among rapid growers, the group of thermotolerant mycobacteria has emerged. The majority of species are resistant to isoniazid and, to a lesser extent, to rifampin. Many of the new species of mycobacteria are potentially pathogenic, and there are numerous reports of their involvement in diseases. Apart from disseminated and localized diseases in immunocompromised patients, the most frequent infections in immunocompetent people involve the lungs, skin, and, in children, cervical lymph nodes. The awareness of such new mycobacteria, far from being a merely speculative exercise, is therefore important for clinicians and microbiologists

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Distribution of a Novel Mycolic Acid in Species of the Genus Mycobacterium

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Mycobacterium mageritense sp. nov.

Mycobacterium mageritense sp. nov.

Towards understanding the functional diversity of cell wall mycolic acids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Impact of Genotypic Studies on Mycobacterial Taxonomy: the New Mycobacteria of the 1990s

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