Distribution of a devastating fungal pathogen in mangrove forests of southern Iran

Goudarzi, Azadeh; Moslehi, M

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104987

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…More than 200 fungal species have been isolated and identified from mangroves [21,56]. Disease reports include branch/stem cankers, leaf spots, defoliation, dieback, and stem rot of mangroves [36,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. For example, Diaporthe is known as an endophytic fungus on mangrove trees [69], and Pestalotiopsis is predominant in mangrove trees in China [72] and causes leaf spots on Rhizophora [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove Dieback and Leaf Disease in Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris in Vietnam

Nguyen

Hardy

Le³

et al. 2021

Forests

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Even though survival rates for mangrove restoration in Vietnam have often been low, there is no information on fungal pathogens associated with mangrove decline in Vietnam. Therefore, this research was undertaken to assess the overall health of mangrove afforestation in Thanh Hoa Province and fungal pathogens associated with tree decline. From a survey of 4800 Sonneratia trees, the incidence of disorders was in the order of pink leaf spot > shoot dieback > black leaf spot for S. caseolaris and black leaf spot > shoot dieback > pink leaf spot for S. apetala. Approximately 12% of S. caseolaris trees had both pink leaf spot and shoot dieback, while only 2% of S. apetala trees had black leaf spot and shoot dieback. Stem and leaf samples were taken from symptomatic trees and fungi were cultured in vitro. From ITS4 and ITS5 analysis, four main fungal genera causing leaf spots and shoot dieback on the two Sonneratia species were identified. The most frequently isolated fungal taxa were Curvularia aff. tsudae (from black leaf spot),Neopestalotiopsis sp.1 (from stem dieback), Pestalotiopsis sp.1 (from pink leaf spot), and Pestalotiopsis sp.4a (from black leaf spot). The pathogenicity of the four isolates was assessed by under-bark inoculation of S. apetala and S. caseolaris seedlings in a nursery in Thai Binh Province. All isolates caused stem lesions, and Neopestalotiopsis sp.1 was the most pathogenic. Thus, investigation of fungal pathogens and their impact on mangrove health should be extended to other afforestation projects in the region, and options for disease management need to be developed for mangrove nurseries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove Dieback and Leaf Disease in Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris in Vietnam

Nguyen

Hardy

Le³

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…(2019); Oksal et al ( 2019 ); Arkam et al ( 2021 ); Wild weed hosts Adansonia spp. Malvaceae Baobabs Sakalidis et al ( 2011 ) Aloidendron dichotomum Asphodeloideae Quiver tree Crous et al ( 2021 ) Avicennia marina Acanthaceae Mangrove Goudarzi and Moslehi ( 2020 ) Ficus religiosa Moraceae Sacred fig Mirtalebi et al ( 2019 ) Rhizophora mucronata Rhizophoraceae Mangrove Goudarzi and Moslehi ( 2020 ) Artificial/experimental host …”

Section: Appendix a – Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum Ho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Philodendron bipinnatifidum )AraceaeSplit‐leaf philodendronMathur (1979) Ulmus sp.UlmaceaeElmHashemi et al (2017) Vitis vinifera VitaceaeGrapevineWangikar et al (1969); Al‐Saadoon et al (2012); Rolshausen et al (2013); Correia et al (2016); Jayawardena et al (2018); Akgul et al. (2019); Oksal et al (2019); Arkam et al (2021);Wild weed hosts Adansonia spp.MalvaceaeBaobabsSakalidis et al (2011) Aloidendron dichotomum AsphodeloideaeQuiver treeCrous et al (2021) Avicennia marina AcanthaceaeMangroveGoudarzi and Moslehi (2020) Ficus religiosa MoraceaeSacred figMirtalebi et al (2019) Rhizophora mucronata RhizophoraceaeMangroveGoudarzi and Moslehi (2020)Artificial/experimental host…”

Section: Appendix a – Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum Host Plants/species A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The pathogen affects a wide range of woody perennial crops and ornamental plants causing symptoms such as leaf spot, shoot blight, branch dieback, canker, pre-and post-harvest fruit rot, gummosis and root rot. The pathogen is present in Africa, Asia, North and South America, and Oceania. It has also been reported from Greece, Cyprus and Italy, with a restricted distribution. Nevertheless, there is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of N. dimidiatum worldwide and in the EU, because in the past, when molecular tools were not available, the two synanamorphs of the pathogen (Fusicoccum-like and Scytalidium-like) might have been misidentified based only on morphology and pathogenicity tests. N. dimidiatum is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Because of the wide host range of the pathogen, this pest categorisation focuses on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, fresh fruits and bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant growing media are the main pathways for the further entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the further establishment of the pathogen. In the areas of its present distribution, including Italy, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. N. dimidiatum satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.

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“…The genus “ Neoscytalidium” is a member of Botryosphaeriaceae family and containing four species including N. dimidiatum , N. oculus , N. orchidacearum , and N. novaehollandiae 1 . This genus may potentially infect plants 2 – 4 , humans, and animals 5 – 7 . The distribution of this genus has extended to all continents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of this genus has extended to all continents. Neoscytalidium genus can influence the different parts of plants by causing diseases that show different symptoms on aerial and underground parts of hosts including dieback, elongated canker 8 , brown spot 9 , collar and root rot 10 , fruit internal brown rot 11 , stem and fruit canker 12 , leaf blight 13 , canker, shoot blight and fruit rot 14 , root rot 15 , black canker and root rot 16 , defoliation, root rot, inner stem necrosis, and plant death 2 , shoot and needle blight 17 , tuber rot 18 , black and dry root rot, and stem rot 19 , shoot blight 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae causes dieback on Pinus eldarica and its potential for infection of urban forest trees

Alizadeh

Safaie

Shams‐Bakhsh

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae is one of the most important pathogens on woody plants which has increasingly been reported as a pathogen in different hosts in recent years. The pine trees are widely cultured in many cities of Iran. In recent years, dieback symptoms were observed on Pinus eldarica trees in Tehran and Qazvin provinces. The aim of this study was to investigate the dieback causal agent on P. eldarica trees in Iran. The branches and cones of P. eldarica trees were sampled for fungal isolation. The morphological and molecular characterizations (ITS, LSU, and TEF1-α regions) identified N. novaehollandiae as a dieback causal agent. This is the first report of N. novaehollandiae disease of P. eldarica trees in Iran. Furthermore, disease severity was assayed on 19 urban forest trees under three different temperature and relative humidity (RHs) regimes. C regime (29 °C and 15% RH) displayed more disease severity on detached branches than B (24 °C and 80% RH) and A (19 °C and 35% RH) ones. This study presents the host range of this pathogen, and showed that these potential hosts are prone to this pathogen under high temperature and low humidity which urban forest trees experienced in recent decades.

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Distribution of a devastating fungal pathogen in mangrove forests of southern Iran

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Mangrove Dieback and Leaf Disease in Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris in Vietnam

Mangrove Dieback and Leaf Disease in Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris in Vietnam

Pest categorisation of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum

Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae causes dieback on Pinus eldarica and its potential for infection of urban forest trees

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