Distribution of 10-year and lifetime predicted risk for cardiovascular disease in the Indian Sentinel Surveillance Study population (cross-sectional survey results)

Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Huffman, Mark D.; Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy; Goenka, Shifalika; Thankappan, KR; Mohan, Viswanathan; Joshi, Prashant; Annapandian, VM; Ahmed, Farooq; Ramanathan, Meera; Ahuja, Ramesh; Chaturvedi, Vivek; Lloyd-Jones, Donald M; Reddy, K. Srinath

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000068

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, when the ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel) risk score (based on the Framingham study) was applied to a cohort of healthy Indian industrial workers of 40.8 ± 10.9 years of age on average (range 20–69 years), it was estimated that one in two men and three in four women had a low short-term risk for CVD [42]. Based on this aggregate of risk factor burden, these results highlight a key limitation—an overestimation of CVD risk [42]. As with almost all of the combinations of risk factors at their extreme values, the ATP III risk score predicts 10-year CVD risks below 10% for nonsmoking men <45 years of age and all women <65 years of age [43].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asian Populations

Hussain

Oldenburg

Wang

et al. 2013

International Journal of Vascular Medicine

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Although South Asian populations have high cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in the world, their patterns of individual CVD risk factors have not been fully studied. None of the available algorithms/scores to assess CVD risk have originated from these populations. To explore the relevance of CVD risk scores for these populations, literature search and qualitative synthesis of available evidence were performed. South Asians usually have higher levels of both “classical” and nontraditional CVD risk factors and experience these at a younger age. There are marked variations in risk profiles between South Asian populations. More than 100 risk algorithms are currently available, with varying risk factors. However, no available algorithm has included all important risk factors that underlie CVD in these populations. The future challenge is either to appropriately calibrate current risk algorithms or ideally to develop new risk algorithms that include variables that provide an accurate estimate of CVD risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South Asian populations are well known to suffer an excessive and premature burden of CVD. But, estimating their CVD risk accurately is difficult as the popular risk algorithms either underestimate [12] or overestimate the CVD risk [42], and different algorithms often predict CVD risk differently in the same individual [12]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asian Populations

Hussain

Oldenburg

Wang

et al. 2013

International Journal of Vascular Medicine

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“…Such a phenomenon of females having equal or higher risk has also been observed in Asian Indians. 19 Lifetime risk and remaining lifetime risk estimates at different ages are more easily understood than incidence rates by the general public. Lifetime risks of CHD estimated in the Framingham Study have often been publicised as headline figures in the media and have increased public awareness of, and interest in, the importance and prevention of CHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease in Aboriginal Australians: a cohort study

Wang

Hoy

2013

BMJ Open

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Objectives: Lifetime risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important yardstick by which policy makers, clinicians and the general public can assess and promote the awareness and prevention of CHD. The lifetime risk in Aboriginal people is not known. Using a cohort with up to 20 years of follow-up, we estimated the lifetime risk of CHD in Aboriginal people.Design: A cohort study. Setting: A remote Aboriginal region. Participants: 1115 Aboriginal people from one remote tribal group who were free from CHD at baseline were followed for up to 20 years. Main outcome measures:During the follow-up period, new CHD incident cases were identified through hospital and death records. We estimated the lifetime risks of CHD with and without adjusting for the presence of competing risk of death from non-CHD causes.Results: Participants were followed up for 17 126 person-years, during which 185 developed CHD and 144 died from non-CHD causes. The average age at which the first CHD event occurred was 48 years for men and 49 years for women. The risk of developing CHD increased with age until 60 years and then decreased with age. Lifetime cumulative risk without adjusting for competing risk was 70.7% for men and 63.8% for women. Adjusting for the presence of competing risk of death from non-CHD causes, the lifetime risk of CHD was 52.6% for men and 49.2% for women.Conclusions: Lifetime risk of CHD is as high as one in two in both Aboriginal men and women. The average age of having first CHD events was under 50 years, much younger than that reported in nonAboriginal populations. Our data provide useful knowledge for health education, screening and prevention of CHD in Aboriginal people.

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“…The possibility of the prevalence of sub clinical nutritional anaemias would have had an impact on the RDW. At the same time, an increase in the risk of CVD among the local population cannot be under estimated [21] and its risk factors could have influenced both the parameters. This observation merits further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reference Intervals for the Haematological Parameters in Healthy Adult Population of Chennai, Southern India

Pj¹,

Shanthi²,

Revathy³

et al. 2012

JCDR

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Background: The haematological parameters are influenced by various factors like age, ethnicity, diet, genetic and gender differences and hence it is important to define the specific reference values with regards to the age, gender and the region. The indices like the Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), the Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and the Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) are newer haematological parameters which are calculated by automated haematology analyzers. There is an increasing evidence that these are clinically valuable bio markers. But not many studies have estimated the reference intervals for these parameters in our population.Aim and Objective: Our primary objective was to identify the gender specific reference intervals for RDW, MPV, PDW and other haematological parameters for the healthy adult population of our region. We also aimed at comparing the study reference intervals with the existing reference ranges. Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of 2443 medical case sheets of the individuals who attended the preventive health check up program in a tertiary care hospital in the year 2011, was done. With 500 subjects who satisfied our study criteria, the haematological reference intervals were established. Results:Gender specific reference intervals were established for the newer indices as well as for the other haematological parameters. We derived the reference intervals for the newer parameters in our population as:RDW: 12.23%-15.36% in males and 12.3%-15.85% in females MPV: 7.9 fL-13.7 fL in males and 8 fL -13.28 fL in females PDW: 9 fL -16.56 fL in males and 8 fL -13.28 fL in females. Conclusion:Our values differed from the existing haematological reference values, thus showing the importance of developing region-specific reference intervals. Our data also showed the importance of establishing gender specific reference intervals.

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Distribution of 10-year and lifetime predicted risk for cardiovascular disease in the Indian Sentinel Surveillance Study population (cross-sectional survey results)

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asian Populations

Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asian Populations

Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease in Aboriginal Australians: a cohort study

The Reference Intervals for the Haematological Parameters in Healthy Adult Population of Chennai, Southern India

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