Distribution, Occurrence, and Fate of Biogenic Dimethylated Sulfur Compounds in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea During Spring

Feng, Xinbin; Jin, Na; Ma, Zhen; Zhang, Honghai; Yang, Gui‐Peng

doi:10.1029/2019jc015085

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Specifically, the two highest fluxes both appeared in the North Pacific intermediate water (ST0701: 15.95 μ mol m −2 d −1 ; ST0703: 22.55 μ mol m −2 d −1 ) and were linked to high DMS levels (3.87 and 2.83 nmol L −1 ) and high wind speeds (8.6 and 12.1 m s −1 ). Our flux estimates were similar to previous investigations in the Pacific Ocean (e.g., Aranami and Tsunogai 2004), but lower than those of shelf seas (e.g., Xu et al 2019), which may be due to the relatively low primary productivity in open ocean. However, given the vast area of the Pacific Ocean, it still contributed a significant portion of global DMS emissions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Occurrence and cycle of dimethyl sulfide in the western Pacific Ocean

Feng

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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Oceanic production and occurrence of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its subsequent ventilation to the atmosphere significantly contribute to the global sulfur cycle and impact the climate regulation. Spatial distributions of DMS, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP, precursor of DMS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, oxidation product of DMS), production and removal processes of DMS (including biological production, microbial consumption, photo-degradation, and sea-to-air exchange), and biogenic contributions to the atmospheric sulfate burden were simultaneously studied in the western Pacific Ocean during winter. Sea surface DMS, DMSP, and DMSO were strongly correlated and had similar distribution patterns. The DMS photo-degradation efficiency ratio (normalized using incident photon flux density) for ultraviolet B radiation (UVB): ultraviolet A radiation (UVA): photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was 391: 36: 1. However, considering the solar spectral composition, the actual contributions of UVB, UVA, and PAR to DMS photo-degradation in surface waters were 40.6% AE 10.7%, 41.2% AE 15.6%, and 18.2% AE 7.2%, respectively. When integrated across the entire mixed layer, UVA and PAR became the dominant drivers, accounting for 45.2% AE 18.0% and 38.0% AE 17.3% of DMS photo-degradation, respectively, as UVB was significantly attenuated in seawater. The DMS budget of the entire mixed layer indicated that microbial consumption, photo-degradation, and ventilation accounted for about 74.3% AE 11.9%, 19.3% AE 9.3%, and 6.5% AE 4.0% of total DMS removal, respectively. Even if ventilation was a minor DMS removal pathway, DMS emissions still contributed approximately 45.2% AE 25.6% of the atmospheric non-sea-salt sulfate burden over the western Pacific Ocean.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Occurrence and cycle of dimethyl sulfide in the western Pacific Ocean

Feng

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The high biological activity in the CEECS facilitated the consumption of DMSPd, which generally serves as an ideal carbon source for oceanic heterotrophic bacteria (Malmstrom et al., 2004). In the case of DMS, the biological turnover time was much slower than that of DMSPd and generally remained around 1–2 days in both seasons, which was comparable to the past results in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea (Xu et al., 2019) and western Pacific (Xu et al., 2021). Although there were significant differences in the seawater parameters among different sea areas, high concentrations and production levels of DMS were usually accompanied by vigorous bacterial metabolism, resulting in relatively stable DMS biological turnover times.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In summer, as temperatures were generally higher, the increase in temperature may inhibit phytoplankton growth and BDSCs production instead, leading to a negative correlation between BDSCs and temperature. Positive correlations between biogenic BDSCs and Chl‐ a have been observed in many shelf seas and oceans (Xu et al., 2019; G. P. Yang & Tsunogai, 2005). As for the CEECS, only moderate correlations between Chl‐ a and BDSCs were observed, and only in summer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Phytoplankton on the Production and Emission of Estuarine Dimethyl Sulfide Under Different Nutrient Inputs From Changjiang River

et al. 2022

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Continuous input from the Changjiang River significantly reshuffled the ecosystems in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent East China Sea, impacting the production, distribution, and emission of marine dimethyl sulfide (DMS). However, the effect of phytoplankton biomass and composition on DMS under different nutrient inputs remains poorly understood. Two comprehensive cruises to characterize their effects were conducted in spring and summer 2015. The areas with high concentrations of DMS, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (precursor of DMS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (photo‐oxidation product of DMS) were largely consistent with high phytoplankton abundances along the front of Changjiang Diluted Water in both seasons. Both the higher conversion ratio of dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate to DMS and the higher DMS biological production rate in summer contributed to the higher DMS levels. Once produced in seawater, more than half of the DMS was directly consumed by microbes, resulting in a turnover time of 1–2 days, which was shorter than that driven by ventilation. A ship‐based incubation experiment revealed that, with increasing N/Si and N/P ratios from the Changjiang River, phytoplankton biomass increased and the community shifted from diatom‐dominated to dinoflagellate‐dominated, which was conducive to DMS production. It was noteworthy that strong DMS photo‐degradation induced by high nitrate concentrations may have masked DMS production to some extent, while urea only had a promoting effect and therefore led to a maximum increase in DMS yield. Our findings indicated that the increase in phytoplankton biomass and succession of phytoplankton community induced by changes in nutrient inputs will promote DMS emissions from the Changjiang Estuary.

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“…These correlations showed that the production by phytoplankton was an important source of sulfur compounds. This result agreed with previous studies (Riseman & DiTullio, 2004;Xu et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2014) which also observed positive relationships between Chl-a, DMS, and DMSP. Furthermore, although DMSOd was weakly correlated with Chl-a (r = 0.328, p < 0.05), we know it is also affected by terrestrial input and photochemical oxidation.…”

Section: Correlations Among Sulfur Compounds and Their Relationships ...supporting

confidence: 94%

Springtime Spatial Distributions of Biogenic Sulfur Compounds in the Yangtze River Estuary and Their Responses to Seawater Acidification and Dust

2021

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Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emissions from the ocean contribute approximately 28.1 Tg S yr −1 to the atmosphere, representing 90% of oceanic biogenic sulfur emissions and more than 50% of global biogenic sulfur emissions (Arnold et al., 2013;Lana et al., 2011). DMS is the predominant biogenic sulfur compound, and is produced through the secondary metabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by algal cells (Stefels et al., 2007). DMS has received more interest since the CLAW hypothesis proposed that DMS emissions from the seawater and their effect on climate change are part of a feedback loop (Charlson et al., 1987). When emitted to the atmosphere, DMS is rapidly oxidized to form a variety of sulfur-containing compounds (Zhang et al., 2017). These compounds lead to the formation of aerosol particles that act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the marine boundary layer (Charlson et al., 1987;Uher et al., 2017), which can impact the global climate (Jian et al., 2017). DMSP, the primary precursor of DMS, is an essential part of the biogeochemical cycle of DMS (Keller et al., 1989). Algal cells release DMSP naturally in small amounts, but its release can be accelerated when the algal cells undergo senescence, grazing, or viral attack (Andreae Abstract The spatial distributions of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated in the Yangtze River Estuary from 9 to 23 March, 2018. The average concentrations of DMS, dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), particulate DMSP (DMSPp), dissolved DMSO (DMSOd) and particulate DMSO (DMSOp) were 3.

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Distribution, Occurrence, and Fate of Biogenic Dimethylated Sulfur Compounds in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea During Spring

Cited by 18 publications

References 83 publications

Occurrence and cycle of dimethyl sulfide in the western Pacific Ocean

Occurrence and cycle of dimethyl sulfide in the western Pacific Ocean

Effects of Phytoplankton on the Production and Emission of Estuarine Dimethyl Sulfide Under Different Nutrient Inputs From Changjiang River

Springtime Spatial Distributions of Biogenic Sulfur Compounds in the Yangtze River Estuary and Their Responses to Seawater Acidification and Dust

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