Distribution Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Primary Carbide in Cast Ce-H13 Steel

Huang, Yu; Cheng, Guoguang; Li, Shijian; Dai, Weixing

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-364

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moreover, the distribution of the Ti element in the trunk was not uniform. The closer to the central part, the more the Ti element was enriched, which is basically consistent with our previous research results [26].…”

Section: Three-dimensional Characteristics Of the Primary Carbides In The Samplessupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Ti Content on the Behavior of Primary Carbides in H13 Ingots

Huang

Cheng

Zhu

2020

Metals

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The Ti element plays a role in pinning grain boundaries but also has a good binding ability to C and N, forming large primary carbides. Therefore, the effect of Ti content on primary carbides’ behavior in H13 ingots was comprehensively studied. A non-aqueous electrolysis method was used to determine the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of primary carbides. We found a great difference between the two-dimensional (2D) and the three-dimensional characteristics of primary carbides. When performing 2D analyses, the density of the primary carbides appeared high, while their size was small. The actual characteristics of primary carbides can be obtained only by 3D observation. The primary carbide showed a typical dendritic structure, whose center consisted of Ti–V-rich carbide wrapped by V-rich carbide. As the Ti content increased, the size of the primary carbide increased from 24.9 μm to 41.3 μm, and the number density increases from 25.6 per/mm2 to 43.9 per/mm2. The Ti4C2S2 phase precipitated first, then changed into Ti–V-rich carbide, and finally further partly transformed into V-rich carbide. The addition of elemental Ti promoted the precipitation and transformation of primary carbides, resulting in an increase of the number density and size.

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Section: Three-dimensional Characteristics Of the Primary Carbides In The Samplessupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Ti Content on the Behavior of Primary Carbides in H13 Ingots

Huang

Cheng

Zhu

2020

Metals

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“…16,17) Nevertheless, the high-temperature homogenization treatment and increased cooling rate method mentioned above cannot prevent the inclusions from becoming the nucleation agents of primary carbides. 10,18) In contrast, calcium treatment has no known dendritic structures improvement in H13 steel. 17) As is known, rare earth (RE) elements are favorable for enhancing the solidification structure due to their extremely strong affinity for oxygen and sulfur in steel to generate high-melting-point RE-oxide and RE-oxysulfide inclusions, which can effectively promote the nucleation of δ -Fe and γ -Fe during the steel solidification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerium Addition Effect on Modification of Inclusions, Primary Carbides and Microstructure Refinement of H13 Die Steel

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

ISIJ Int.

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A comprehensive study of the Ce addition effect on microstructure, inclusions, and primary carbides in H13 steel was carried out. 3D morphology of inclusions and primary carbides was assessed by the non-aqueous electrolytic method. The addition of 0.0038 mass% Ce had no obvious refinement effect on dendritic structures in H13 steel. With Ce content increase from 0.0038 to 0.019 mass%, dendritic structures of H13 steel were refined. Al 2 O 3 and MnS inclusions in original H13 steel promoted heterogeneous nucleation of primary carbides. Al content increased, and S content decreased with increasing Ce content. When the latter was increased from 0.0038 to 0.019 mass%, the original inclusions were modified first to Al 11 O 18 Ce and CeAlO 3 , then to Ce 2 O 3, and, finally, to Ce 2 O 2 S. Numerous small-sized Ce 2 O 2 S inclusions were found in steel with 0.019 mass% Ce, which promoted nucleation of γ -Fe during solidification and contributed to the refinement of as-cast dendritic microstructures of H13 steel. Besides, Ce 2 O 2 S inclusions suppressed heterogeneous nucleation of primary carbides. The size of primary carbides decreased, and their morphology became less developed due to the finer microstructure hindering their growth. Finally, banded structures in forged Ce-bearing H13 steel were improved.

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“…In the solidification process, the temperature at the solidification front can be calculated by the following equation. [40] T…”

Section: Precipitation Size Of Ceàs During Solidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where T is the solidÀliquid interface temperature during solidification, K. T m is the melting point of pure iron, K. T L is the liquidus temperature, K. T S is the solidus temperature, K. The solidification time can be calculated by the following equation. [40] t…”

Section: Precipitation Size Of Ceàs During Solidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of Solidification Structure of H13 Steel by Rare Earth Sulfide

Bao

Cheng

Huang

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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To improve the solidification structure of H13 steel, rare earth sulfide (Ce−S) is used as the nucleation core of δ‐ferrite or γ‐austenite to refine the original austenite grain. The relationship between rare earth inclusions and grain refinement is discussed in terms of the type, distribution, size, number, and formation characteristic of rare earth inclusions. The results show that to form a large amount of Ce−S (> 35 mm−2) and inhibit the formation of rare earth oxide (Ce−O), rare earth oxysulfide (Ce−O−S), and MnS, the content of O, S, and Ce must be strictly controlled. Most Ce−S in the solidification structure is located in the original austenite grain interior, indicating that Ce−S can act as the nucleation core of δ‐ferrite or γ‐austenite. The most effective size of Ce−S as nucleation core is 1−2 μm, followed by 2−3 μm, and the Ce−S with the size larger than 3 μm has the least effect. The original austenite grain size is related to the number density of Ce−S, and the higher the number density of Ce−S, the smaller the grain size. The precipitation size of Ce−S during solidification is mostly 1−3 μm, and these Ce−S can act as the nucleation core more effectively.

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Distribution Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Primary Carbide in Cast Ce-H13 Steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Ti Content on the Behavior of Primary Carbides in H13 Ingots

Effect of Ti Content on the Behavior of Primary Carbides in H13 Ingots

Cerium Addition Effect on Modification of Inclusions, Primary Carbides and Microstructure Refinement of H13 Die Steel

Refinement of Solidification Structure of H13 Steel by Rare Earth Sulfide

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