Distribution characteristics and the influence factors of forest fires in China

Tian, Xin; Zhao, Fenfang; Shu, Li; Wang, Mingyu

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.025

Cited by 112 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This finding confirms previous studies of the influence of roads on wildfires occurrence (Catry et al, 2010;Dlamini, 2010;Rodrigues et al, 2014). As to proximity to farmland, more wildfire ignitions exist in the area adjacent to farmland, which reflects the local reality of slash-and-burn cultivation, the traditional agricultural practice of crop residue burning and logging to precede the agriculture frontier Chen et al, 2017;Tian et al, 2013). This result stressed others conclusions that Note: CI is Conditional Independence Ratio; T is Expected number of training points; n is Observed number of training points;T-n is Difference of T and n; std(T) is Standard Deviation of T; (T-n)/std(T) is one-tailed test statistics.…”

Section: Determinants Of Human Wildfire Ignitionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Wildfires in Yunnan mainly occur in winter and spring from December to May, concentrated in spring from mid-February to mid-May (Cao, Wang, & Liu, 2017;Chen, Fan, Niu, & Zheng, 2014). Wildfire in Yunnan has shown a slight upward trend during recent years (Zhao, Shu, Tiao, & Wang, 2009), mostly caused by human activity (Chen, Pereira, Masiero, & Pirotti, 2017;Tian, Zhao, Shu, & Wang, 2013) including arson, fire misuse, and the tradition of honoring ancestors around Tomb Sweeping Day by burning imitation currency. Additionally, the slash-and-burn farming cultivation and the mosaic of farmland and forest aggravate this situation.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the spatial patterns of human wildfire ignition in Yunnan province, China

Deng

et al. 2017

Applied Geography

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A B S T R A C TDespite wildfire being an important regulator of dryland ecosystems, uncontrolled wildfire can be harmful to both forest ecosystems and human society, and wildfire prevention and control continue to raise worldwide concern. Wildfire management depends on knowledge of wildfire ignitions, both for cause and location. The regimes and factors influencing wildfire ignition have been studied at length. Humans have a profound effect on fire regimes and human activity is responsible for igniting the largest number of fires in our study area. Understanding the spatial patterns of ignitions is foremost to achieving efficiency in wildfire prevention. Previous studies mainly concentrate on overall wildfire risk integrating numerous factors simultaneously, yet the importance of human factors on ignition has not received much attention. In this study, we mapped human accessibility to explore the influence of human activity on wildfire ignition in a simple and straightforward way. A Bayesian weights-of-evidence (WofE) method was developed based on fire hotspots in China's Yunnan province extracted from satellite images and verified as known wildfires for the period 2007-2013. We considered a set of factors that impact fire ignition as associated with human accessibility: the locations of settlements, roads, water and farmland susceptible to human wildfire ignition. Known points of likely wildfire ignition were selected as training samples and all suspected thematic maps of the factors were taken as explanatory layers. Next, the weights of each layer in terms of its explanatory power were computed and used to generate evidence based on a threshold to pass a statistical test. The conditional independence (CI) of each layer was checked with the Agterberg-Cheng test. Finally, the posterior probability was calculated and its precision validated using samples of both presence and absence by withheld validation data. A comparison of WofE models was made to test the predictability. Results show proximity to villages, roads and farmland are strongly associated with human wildfire ignition and that wildfire more often occurs at an intermediate distance from high-density human activity. The WofE method proved more powerful than logistic regression, improving predictive accuracy by 10% and was more straightforward in presenting the association of dependence and independence. In addition, WofE with 1000 m buffer bands is more robust in predicting human wildfire ignition risk than binary or 100 m buffers for the ecoregion studied. Our results are significant for advising practical wildfire management and resource allocation, evaluation of human ignition control and also provides a foundation for future efforts toward integrated wildfire prediction.

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Section: Determinants Of Human Wildfire Ignitionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the spatial patterns of human wildfire ignition in Yunnan province, China

Deng

et al. 2017

Applied Geography

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“…De acordo com Tian et al (2013), um evento de El Niño causou uma grave seca no nordeste da China, resultando em uma época de graves incêndios na primavera de 1998. Também na China, Wang et al (2010) encontraram uma correlação significativa entre o número de incêndios, a área queimada e os eventos climáticos extremos (El Niño ou La Niña).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Este episódio foi extraordinário para a Europa Central, mas em comparação com eventos extremos em outros países como Austrália ou Canadá, onde os incêndios de mais de 100.000 ha não são incomuns, foi relativamente pequeno. Na China, o tamanho da maioria dos incêndios florestais é menor que 100 ha, e apenas 0,21% são maiores do que 100 ha (TIAN et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Perfil Dos Incêndios Florestais Em Unidades De Conservação Brasileiras No Período De 2008 À 2012

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et al. 2017

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ResumoOs incêndios florestais estão entre as principais ameaças à biodiversidade. Mesmo em áreas especialmente protegidas, a ameaça é constante. Diante disto, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil dos incêndios florestais nas Unidades de Conservação (UCs) federais no Brasil no período de 2008 a 2012, a fim de se fornecer informações para subsidiar a tomada de decisões de forma mais segura e confiável. Para a determinação deste perfil, foram compiladas as informações do banco de dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Fogo (SISFOGO). De acordo com os resultados, foram registradas 768 ocorrências de incêndios, que queimaram uma área total de 471.254,43 ha. O maior número de ocorrência foi observado nas unidades de conservação do estado do Ceará. Por outro lado, a maior área queimada localizou-se no estado do Tocantins. Com relação ao tamanho das áreas queimadas, houve um retrocesso na condição desejável, aumentando a quantidade de ocorrências em classes de tamanho maiores. O período mais propício foi entre os meses de julho e novembro, sendo percebida a influência de eventos climáticos na distribuição anual dos incêndios. Analisando-se as causas, ficou nítida a pressão que as áreas do entorno das UCs exercem sobre as áreas protegidas, exigindo uma política mais eficiente de proteção. Muitos dados dos ROIs ainda não são preenchidos ou são preenchidos sem um critério mais apurado pelos responsáveis, uma maior preocupação com esta ação, melhoraria muito o conhecimento sobre as ocorrências de incêndios florestais no país. Palavras-chave: Fogo; SNUC; Brasil. Abstract Forest fire statistics in Brazilian ConservationUnits from 2008 to 2012. Forest fires are among the major threats to biodiversity. Even in specially protected areas, the threat is constant. In view of this, the aim of this study is to know the profile of forest fires in Conservation Units (UCs) Federal in Brazil from 2008 to 2014 in order to provide information to support the taking of a more secure and reliable decisions. To determine this profile has been compiled information from the National System Database Fire Information (SISFOGO). According to the results, it was recorded 768 fire incidents, burning a total area of 471,254.43 ha. The largest number of occurrences was observed in the state of Ceará protected areas, on the other hand, the largest area burned was located in the state of Tocantins. Regarding the size of burned areas, there was a setback in the desirable condition, increasing the number of occurrences in larger size classes. The best season is between the months of July and November, and perceived the influence of weather events in the annual distribution of fires. Analyzing the causes, it became clear the pressure that the areas surrounding the protected areas have on protected areas requiring a more effective policy of protection. Many ROIs are not filled or are filled with no discretion over by those responsible, a greater concern with this action, would greatly improve knowledge of forest fire occurrences in the count...

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“…O maior incêndio individual (11.580 ha) foi registrado na parte mediterrânica da França. Na China, o tamanho da maioria dos incêndios florestais é menor que 100 ha e apenas 0,21% são maiores do que 100 ha (TIAN et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação Da Eficiência De Combate Aos Incêndios Florestais Em Unidades De Conservação Brasileiras

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Torres

et al. 2018

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ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de combate aos incêndios florestais em unidades de conservação brasileiras no período de 2008 a 2012. Foram utilizados três parâmetros principais para se avaliar a eficiência de combate: a área queimada, em que se avaliou a eficiência, distribuindo os incêndios ocorridos por classes de tamanho, e se observou a área queimada média por incêndio; o tempo para o ataque e sua distribuição por classe de tempo, em que se avaliou a eficiência de mobilização dos combatentes em termos Abstract Assessment of firefighting efficiency in Brazilian conservation units.The objective of this study was to assess the firefighting efficiency in Brazilian conservation units from 2008 to 2012. Three main parameters were used to evaluate the combat efficiency: burned area, in which efficiency was evaluated, the fires were distributed by size classes, and the average burned area by fire was observed; time for attack and its distribution by time class, in which the firefighters mobilization efficiency was evaluated in terms of average time from detection until the first fire attack; and time of combat, in which the average time of combat and its distribution by class of time of combat were evaluated. In the analysed period, Brazil presented a low combat efficiency. The average burned area in Brazilian protected areas was 613.61 ha in this period. The average time for attack and the average time of combat were 194.82 and 1,012.51 minutes, respectively. The main difficulty in the study was the lack of complete data of the Record of Fire Occurrence (ROI). Keywords: Fire, Brazil, conservation units, ROI. INTRODUÇÃOIncêndios resultam em mudanças drásticas em todos os tipos de ecossistemas florestais (ZAITSEV et al., 2016). Eles têm forte impacto tanto sobre as condições bióticas como as abióticas (ADÁMEK et al., 2015). Nas Unidades de Conservação (UC), áreas ambientais destinadas primordialmente a proteção, os incêndios florestais são uma grave perturbação, que pode colocar em risco os processos ambientais e a biodiversidade. Na grande maioria das UCs brasileiras, não existe um planejamento adequado visando à prevenção e ao combate a incêndios (BONTEMPO et al., 2011).Grande parte dessa dificuldade no planejamento está relacionada a fatores incertos e altamente variáveis, tais como condições meteorológicas, ação antrópica, comportamento do fogo e propagação e seus efeitos. Estes são a base da gestão de incêndios e decisões políticas, através de múltiplos níveis e escalas, e são responsáveis pela eficiência dos recursos destinados ao combate e supressão (PACHECO et al., 2015). Em contrapartida, com uma quantidade limitada de equipamentos e recursos financeiros e humanos, os gestores florestais devem decidir a aplicação mais eficiente de subsídios em ações, como prevenção (ex. campanhas de educação ambiental), gestão de combustível (ex. queima prescrita e tratamentos mecânicos), pré-supressão (ex. planejamento e preparação,

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Distribution characteristics and the influence factors of forest fires in China

Cited by 112 publications

References 17 publications

Modeling the spatial patterns of human wildfire ignition in Yunnan province, China

Modeling the spatial patterns of human wildfire ignition in Yunnan province, China

Perfil Dos Incêndios Florestais Em Unidades De Conservação Brasileiras No Período De 2008 À 2012

Avaliação Da Eficiência De Combate Aos Incêndios Florestais Em Unidades De Conservação Brasileiras

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